- SH
-
An API designation for oil used in gasoline engines in passenger cars, vans, and light trucks of 1993-96. Engine oils developed for this category provide performance exceeding the minimum requirements for API Service Category SG, which it replaced, in the areas of deposit control, oil oxidation, wear, rust, and corrosion. Oils meeting API SH requirements have been tested according to the American Chemistry Council (ACC) Product Approval Code of Practice and may use the API Base Oil Interchange and Viscosity Grade Engine Testing Guidelines. Effective August 1, 1997, API SH cannot be used except with API CF, CF-2, CF-4, or CG-4 when displayed in the API service symbol, and the C category must appear first. This SH oil was replaced by the SJ classification. These vehicles can benefit from the modern SM oils.
API SH category
- Shackle
-
A swinging support which is used to attach the ends of a Leaf spring to the Frame of the vehicle. The shackle is needed to take care of the changes in length of the spring as it moves up and down. Also called Spring Shackle or Swinging Shackle.
Shackle
- Shadeband
- A Sunvisor.
- Shaft
- A long smooth-surfaced bar of metal with a circular (round) cross section.
Also see
- Armature shaft
- Auxiliary Drive Shaft
- Auxiliary Shaft
- Axle shaft
- Balance shaft
- Bevel drive shaft
- Cardan shaft
- Clutch shaft
- Composite propeller shaft
- Cross-shaft
- Cross shaft
- Distributor shaft
- Divided propeller shaft
- Driveshaft
- Eccentric shaft
- Gearbox input shaft
- Gearbox output shaft
- Halfshaft
- Input shaft
- Intermediate shaft
- Main shaft
- Metal Shafts
- Output shaft
- Pilot shaft
- Pinion shaft
- Propeller shaft
- Prop shaft
- Pump shaft
- Quill shaft
- Radial shaft seal
- Rocker arm shaft
- Rocker shaft
- Serrated shaft
- Splined shaft
- Steering gear shaft
- Throttle shaft
- Transmission input shaft
- Transmission output shaft
- Shaft distributor
- A distributor whose drive shaft projects into the engine; the shaft is driven via a gearing system or a coupling
- Shaft drive
- A description of a motorcycle which uses a drive shaft between the transmission and the rear wheel instead of a chain.
- Shaft jacking
- Shaky or bumpy motion created by the impact of acceleration and then fed back into the bike's frame.
- Shaft seal
-
- A Seal used to do two things to prevent fluid from leaking out between a stationary part and a rotating shaft and to prevent foreign matter from getting in.
- Device used to prevent leakage between shaft and housing.
Also see
- Shaft-to-cage coupling
- A viscous coupling design in which the outer disc carrier is connected to the differential cage, while the inner disc carrier is connected to an axle shaft
- Shaft-to-shaft coupling
- A viscous coupling design in which the outer disc carrier is connected to the left-hand axle shaft and the inner disc carrier to the right-hand axle shaft
- Shake the leaves
- Trucker slang for see what's ahead as in "I guess it's my turn to shake the leaves."
- Shallow angle
- An angle that positions the Bicycle Frame tubes relatively farther from vertical and closer to horizontal than do Steep angles.
- Shallow angles
- Angles that position Bicycle Frame tubes relatively farther from vertical and closer to horizontal than do Steep angles.
- Shank
-
- The part of a bolt between the head and the thread.
- The part of a bit which is held in the drill.
- Shaping
- The preliminary sanding or forming of the filled surface with coarse grit paper or a body file to establish the approximate body contours; this step is followed by final sanding
- Shared component
- A part or component which is identical in various models of a car family, such as those used on a sedan and its convertible derivative; typical shared components are body panels, suspension components, brakes, wheels
- Shave
-
- Removal of some chrome or decorative part.
- Removal of metal from the contact surface of the Cylinder head or the Block.
- Shaving
- A modification of the body of a car to remove all chrome parts at the front or rear end to achieve smooth contours highlighted only by the paint and the body modifications; in most cases, only a side chrome strip is retained. Also called nosing or decking
- Shear
-
- To distort or fracture as a result of excess torsion or transverse load.
- To cut off an object (e.g., metal bar, metal sheet) between two blades.
Also see
- Shear Nut
- A fine threaded thin castle or slotted nut
- Shear pin
- A cylinder shaped item that is made of a substance which will break when subject to great
pressure. In this way the main Component which is
more expensive will not be damaged. The pin can usually be easily replace.
Also see
- Shears
-
A scissors-like tool for heavy-duty cutting. Also called Snips.
Shears
Also see
- Shear Strength
-
- The stress required to produce a fracture when impressed vertically upon the cross-section of a material. Expressed in psi.
- The resistance to breaking caused by the push or pull action against the side of an object For example a chain may rub against the inner side of the front derailleur until the derailleur breaks. As a rule of thumb, shear strength is two-thirds of tensile strength.
Also see
- Shear test
- A method of separating two adhesive bonded materials by forcing (either by compression or tension) the mating faces to slide over each other. The force exerted is distributed over the entire bonded area at the same time. Strengths are recorded in pounds per square inch (psi).
- Sheathed-type glow plug
- A single-pole glow plug having a tubular heating element with a heating coil or a heating and regulator coil enclosed in a thermally conductive insulator ceramic.
- Sheath flame
- The outer area of an oxyacetylene flame surrounding the inner cone and the flame feather
- Shedder drip molding
- A metal strip spot-welded below the roof drip rail to deflect rain water away from the door seal
- Sheer
- The longitudinal curve of a vessel's decks in a vertical plane. Due to sheer, a vessel's deck height above the baseline is higher at the stem and stern than at amidships
- Sheet metal
- Steel metal in the form of a thin layer or sheet which can be pressed to form panels of the car body.
Also see
- Sheet metal blank
- A flat sheet metal panel before it has been cut and bent to be applied to a panel of a car to repair a damaged section
- Sheet metal clamp
-
A lock-grip pliers with wide, flat jaws used to secure sheet metal parts for welding or to bend small sheet metal parts along the edges of the jaws. When used for bending sheet metal, they may also be referred to as bending pliers
Sheet metal clamp
- Sheet metal cutter
- Any tool used to cut sheet metal. Some are Shears while others are power driven units operated by hand or secured to a bench.
- Sheet metal folder
-
A machine used to bend sheet metal along a predetermined line using mechanical force
Sheet metal folder
- Sheet metal remains
- A strip of metal left on the edges alter the bulk of a panel has been cut out; this strip is then removed carefully to ensure that the flanges required on adjacent panels for welding in the new part are not damaged and to avoid cutting out excessive material
- Sheet metal roller
-
A large machine to curve or roll metal in a single plane. The machine is hand-operated and consists of a frame, three rollers and a hand crank. The rollers are arranged with one top and two bottom rollers, and the degree of curvature is controlled by how closely the bottom rollers are set in relation to the top roller. The pressure of the bottom rollers against the top roller causes the metal to curve
Sheet metal roller
- Sheet metal screw
-
A straight shank fastener for binding any material to metal by cutting its own thread in the metal. Whereas a machine screw could accommodate a nut on its threads, a sheet metal screw cannot.
Sheet metal screw
- Sheet molding compound
- (SMC) Formerly called Prepreg, SMC is supplied as a lightweight, pliable sheet which consists of a mixture of chopped strand mat pre-impregnated with resin, fillers, catalyst, and pigment. A sheet is placed between the halves of a heated mold and under the application of pressure it conforms to the contours of the mold
- Sheet wheel
- A vehicle wheel (before the tire is installed) made from aluminum sheet material. Compare Alloy wheel. The manufacturing process of the sheet wheel is comparable to that of the steel wheel but the advantage of the sheet wheel is its reduction in weight (up to 40% compared to a steel wheel)
- Shelby
-
A vehicle brand of which the 1965-67 350GT and 500GT are milestone cars.
Click image for books on
ShelbyAlso see
- Shelf life
-
- A time limitation for the storage of uncured retread materials (usually 6 months), beyond which certain properties are lost. Storage of materials in a cool, dark, dry environment insures quality.
- The length of time a packaged adhesive, coating, or sealer can be stored under specified temperature conditions and remain suitable for use.
- Shelf panel
- A deep-drawn steel panel fitted horizontally behind the rear seat backrest of a notchback sedan to support the plastic or foam molding that makes up the rear shelf, visible from the outside
- Shell-and-tube flooded evaporators
- Use water flow through tubes built into cylindrical evaporator or vice versa.
- Shell bearing
-
A type of bearing used for main bearings and big-end bearings, consisting of a circular housing which can be divided into two halves, and which encloses a pair of bearing shells
Shell bearing
- Shell expansion
- A plan showing the seams and butts, thickness, and associated welding or riveting of all plates comprising the shell plating, framing, etc.
- Shelter deck
- A superstructure deck fitted continuous from stem to stern and fitted with at least one tonnage opening
- Sherardizing
- The coating of iron objects with zinc powder by tumbling them in powdered zinc at about 250-375°C
- Shield
-
Shield
- An eye and face protector held in the hand when welding. It enables a person to look directly at the electric arc through a special lens without being harmed.
- A relatively broad protective device which keeps away unwanted liquid or vapor.
Also see
- Shielding
- Any form of Screening.
Also see
- Shift cables
- A term for the cables used to operates gears in some transmissions. In most vehicles rods and joints are used because cables tend to stretch
- Shift conversion
- The reaction of CO with water to generate carbon dioxide and hydrogen. This process is performed immediately after the reformer and before the preferential oxidizer to reduce CO from approximately 10% down to 0.5% to 0.1% usually through a water gas shift reaction.
- Shifter
- A device for changing the gearing on a Transmission.
- Shifter/brake lever
- Shifter and brake lever are a single unit. Shimano units are available in this layout, or with the shifter and brake lever as separate units. Shimano calls them STI and Campagnolo calls them Ergo Power
- Shifters/brake lever combo
- Referred to by Shimano as STI and Campagnolo as Ergo Power. Shifter/Brake Lever combos allow for shifting gears without removing your hands from the handlebars.
- Shift forks
-
The devices that straddle slots cut in Sliding gears. The fork is used to move the gear back and forth on the shaft.
Shift fork
- Shift gate
- The mechanism in a Transmission Linkage that controls the motion of the gearshift lever. The shift gate is usually an internal mechanism; however, in some transmissions -- including Ferrari five-speeds and Mercedes-Benz automatics -- the shift gate is an exposed guide around the shift lever.
- Shift indicator light
- (SIL) a system that provides a visual indication to the driver when to shift to the next higher gear to obtain optimum fuel economy
- Shifting
-
- Moving the ship to suit the location of shore cargo loading gear.
- Changing gears in a transmission.
Also see
- Shifting board
- Portable bulkhead members, generally constructed of wood planking and fitted fore and aft in cargo holds when carrying grain or other cargo to prevent shifting when the ship is rolling
- Shift interlock
- A device which prevents different shift forks in the transmission from being moved at the same time, by locking into the inoperative shift fork as the other is being moved; a gearchange cannot be made unless the inoperative shift fork is in its neutral position
- Shift into
- The act of shifting into another gear, such as shift into second (shift into second gear) or "shift into high" (shift into high gear). In Britain, the expression is change into.
- Shift lever
-
- A device which is attached to the side of a steering column or to the center console which will allow the operator to change the gears of the transmission. Also called gear lever.
- A lever inside an automatic transmission which connects the selector lever cable to the manual valve of the control valve body.
- A component used in pre-engaged starter motors to force the pinion against the flywheel ring gear
Also see
- Shift linkage
- The rods, levers, etc. used to transmit motion of the shift lever into movement of the gears in a Gearbox.
- Shift on the fly
- The ability of a four-wheel-drive vehicle to be shifted between two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive while the vehicle is in motion.
- Shift point
- This refers to the point, either in engine rpm or road Speed, at which the Transmission should be shifted to the next gear.
- Shift rails
- Sliding rods upon which the Shift forks are attached. Used for shifting the Manual transmission.
- Shift valve
- A valve in an automatic transmission which raises the oil pressure as the vehicle speed increases. In Britain it is called the change valve.
- Shim
- A thin Spacer installed between two parts to increase the distance between them.
- Shimmy
- The front wheels shaking or vibration from side to side because the front end is out of
Alignment or the tires are out of balance or the
Suspension has worn
Components.
Also see
- Shim-type head gaskets
- A hard thin, high-performance steel head gasket that raises the compression ratio
- Shim under bucket
- A valve adjusting system where the valve clearance is adjusted by placing an appropriate thickness of shim under the tappet instead of using an adjusting screw.
- Shingler's hammer
- A hammer with a blunt side on one end of the head and an axe-like blade on the other side of the head.
- Shiny side
- Trucker slang for Top of the trailer as in "Keep your shiny side up and your rubber side down."
- Shipment
- Freight carried by a truck. Similar to cargo
- Shipments, value of
- Summation of value of shipments produced by establishment, receipts of custom and repair revenue.
- Shipping Weight
- The dry weight of a vehicle including all standard equipment, but excluding fuel and coolant.
- Shock absorber
- Properly called a Damper, this is an oil filled device used to control spring Oscillation in the Suspension system. At least one shock absorber is found at each wheel.
- Shock absorber tower
- A sheet metal panel of hollowed or box-section design that is spot-welded to the body and serves as an anchoring point for the top shock absorber mount
- Shocks
- An abbreviation for Shock absorbers.
Also see
- Shoe
- In the brake system, a metal plate that supports the brake lining and absorbs and transmits braking forces.
- Shoe anchor
- The point in a drum brake system where the braking forces are transmitted to the chassis
- Shoe return spring
- Drum brake spring that retracts the brake shoe when brakes are
released.
Also see
- Shooter
- The accelerator pump discharge nozzle; squirts extra fuel into the throttle bore when the accelerator pump circuit is pressurized by the pump piston
- Shooters
- Small pump-discharge restrictions in the cluster assembly. These small cavities prevent accelerator pump pullover feeding from the pump system at high airflows
- Shooting brake
- An old term for station wagon. It refers mainly to larger British station wagons with wooden rear and side panels that were popular during the early post-war such as coachbuilt models by Daimler, Armstrong-Siddeley, Allard, etc.
- Shopping car
- A vehicle similar to a City car, but may be even smaller
- Short arc
- A gas metal- arc process which uses a low arc voltage, where the arc is continuously interrupted as the molten electrode metal bridges the arc gap.
- Short arm/long arm suspension
- (SLA) A double wishbone suspension system in which the upper wishbone is shorter than the lower one,
with both converging slightly at the wheel hub; reduces tire wear due to variations in track and camber
angle when cornering
Also see
- Short block
- The lower portion of an engine below the Cylinder head. It includes the crankshaft and piston assemblies but not the external parts such as head, sump, oil pump, or fuel pump. The opposite is the Long block
- Short block engine
- An engine with a relatively short crankshaft. Compare Long block engine. Normally a short block engine refers to a 4-cylinder in-line engine or a V-8 engine where either engine has a shorter block than a 6 cylinder in-line engine
- Short circuit
-
- An electrical problem in which the hot or positive wire touches ground. It takes a "short" path to ground instead of going through the prescribed Component. Usually a short circuit (also called a short) will burn out a Fuse or a Component.
- Electrical condition where part of circuit touches another part of circuit and causes all or part of current to take wrong path.
- A defect in a winding of an electric motor that causes part of the normal electrical circuit to be bypassed
- Short circuit between the plates
- An undesirable electrically conductive connection between the positive and negative plates within a battery cell, making the battery inoperative
- Short circuit current
- The current flowing freely through an external circuit that has no load or resistance; the maximum current possible.
- Short circuit ground
- Fault in an electrical circuit allowing electricity to flow into the metal parts of a mechanism.
- Short circuiting
- A condition which occurs during the scavenging process of a two-stroke engine when some of the fresh mixture entering the cylinder may flow across the cylinder and escape via the exhaust ports without producing any scavenging effect
- Short cycling
-
- The condition in which the compressor in a cycling clutch system cycles too frequently
- Refrigerating system that starts and stops more frequently than it should.
- Short engine
- A fully reconditioned engine but without external parts such as head, oil pan, oil pump, or fuel pump, etc.
- Short shifting
- In a car with manual transmission, you want to shift at the optimum RPMs to take advantage of the maximum power in each gear. However, if you shift long before that optimum RPM, then you are short shifting.
- Short stroke engine
- An engine where the length of the stroke is shorter than the diameter of the cylinder bore. Theoretically a relatively short stroke improves high end revving ability but is poorer at low-end torque.
- Short-type distributor
- A distributor without a drive shaft; the drive coupling is located directly at the base of the ignition distributor housing. The opposite is Shaft distributor
- Shoulder
-
- The outer edges of the tread of a tire.
- The outer edges of a road. Shoulders can be dirt, gravel, grass, or paved, depending on transportation needs. Used for stopped vehicles (i.e., emergency break down, pulled over by the police, etc.), for bicycle riding, for pedestrian walking, and for lateral support of the road surface.
- The raised portion of a specialized bolt just under the head. It looks like a collar, but it is not removable
Also see
- Shoulder belt
- A restraint belt pulled diagonally across the chest or the shoulder belt portion of a combined
lap-shoulder belt.
Also see
- Shoulder Stud
- A stud similar to a collar stud but having the plain portion of a uniform diameter which is larger than the major diameter of the thread, used where the design requirements do not permit the separation of parts produced by a collar.
- Shovelhead
- A term for Harley-Davidson's third generation overhead-valve Big Twin engine, introduced in 1966.
- Shrinkage
-
- The size or coverage reduction of automotive paint as it dries. All automotive paints shrink, and if scratches or surface imperfections have not been properly filled, they will show up as the paint shrinks into them.
- The volume of natural gas that is transformed into liquid products during processing, primarily at natural gas liquids processing plants.
Also see
- Shrink fit
- A fit between two parts which is very tight. The outer or encircling piece is expanded by heating so it will fit over inner piece. Sometimes the inner piece is contracted by chilling. As the two pieces reach operating temperature or room temperature, the outer piece shrinks and the inner piece (if it was chilled) expands. As a result, the two pieces fit tightly.
- Shrinking
- A body repair technique used to repair locally stretched areas by using heat or special body
hammers.
Also see
- Shrinking dolly
- A special Dolly with a large crowned grid surface, used to facilitate panel shrinking
- Shrinking hammer
-
A special hammer with faces shaped to allow for correction of locally stretched sheet metal. When shrinking metal, the panel is beaten into the recesses of the grid, which help stretching
Shrinking hammer
- Shrink tube
- A thin plastic tube which shrinks in diameter when heated. It is used primarily in covering
exposed wire splices.
Also see
- Shrink wrap
- A clear plastic film, often a foot or more wide used to protect something from dust and moisture.
- Shroud
-
- A metal enclosure around the fan, engine, etc., to guide and facilitate the flow of air.
- Housing over condenser, evaporator, or fan.
- SHRP
- Acronym for Strategic Highway Research Program where several areas are addressed:
- Anti-icing/Road Weather Information Systems (RWIS)
- Concrete assessment and rehabilitation
- High performance concrete
- Innovative pavement maintenance materials
- Pavement preservation
- Shunt
-
- To bypass or turn aside.
- An alternate or Bypass portion of an electrical circuit.
- A colloquial term for to crash.
- A crash, especially one caused by running into the back of the vehicle in front of you
- Type of field coil with a specific resistance placed in parallel with an ammeter.
- Shunt firing
- A short circuit at the firing end of a spark plug, caused by electrically conductive deposits. Also called shunting.
- Shunting
- A short circuit at the firing end of a spark plug, caused by electrically conductive deposits. Also called shunt firing
- Shunt winding
- A wire Coil forming an alternate or Bypass circuit through which the Current may flow.
- Shut-down
- When a system is not supplying or receiving power (the process of decreasing
the power to zero).
Also see
- Shutlines
- Lines in the body where two body parts abut each other, such as where a door meets a fender. Can also be a seam where two immovable parts meet i.e., plastic bumper cover meets quarter panel.
- Shutter
- A curved metal vane or blade of a Hall generator or Hall effect distributor
to block the magnetic field from the Hall Effect pick-up. The shutter is
attached to the rotor and is grounded to the distributor shaft
Also see
- Shuttle valve
- A valve in which the actuating member shuttles back and forth diverting pressure from one channel to another