- Excalibur
- A vehicle brand of which the 1965-69 model II Series I are milestone cars.
- Excavation
- Removal of excess earth from roadway in preparation for new vertical and horizontal alignments.
- Excess air
- Air which passes through the combustion chamber and any flues in excess of that which is theoretically required for complete combustion.
- Exchange engine
- A replacement engine which is provided in exchange for a worn engine while the original engine is being rebuilt
- Excelsior
- The 1925-1948 models with required application are classic cars.
- Excitation current
- The electric current in the shunt field of an electric motor resulting from voltage applied across the field
- Excite
- To pass an electric Current through a unit such as the Field coils in the Generator.
- Ex-demonstrator
- A vehicle which had been used as a Demonstrator and is now available for sale
- Exducer
- The outermost section of a Turbine wheel, used to purge the turbine of exhaust gases
- Executive Orders 12759 and 12844
- Two Presidential orders which establish requirements for federal agencies to purchase AFVs. Order 12844 accelerates agency acquisitions by 50% beyond requirements contained in Section 303 of the Energy Policy Act for fiscal years 1993-1995, subject to the availability of funds.
- Exempt Carrier
- A company which transports commodities exempted from Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) economic regulation.
- Exhaust
-
Exhaust
- To expel spent fumes.
- The spent fuel after Combustion takes place in an Internal combustion engine. Sometimes it refers to the Exhaust system.
Also see
- Exhaust back pressure
- Any pressure holding back the flow of the gases in an exhaust system. Pressure exerted in exhaust system in reverse direction. Also called Back pressure
- Exhaust back pressure transducer valve
- (BPV or BPS) a device used to sense exhaust pressure changes and control vacuum to the EGR valve in response to these changes
- Exhaust Brake
- An engine device which changes exhaust pressure to assist in slowing down a vehicle. Also called an exhaust retarder
- Exhaust cam
- A separate camshaft controlling the opening and closing of the exhaust valves used in twin overhead camshaft engines
- Exhaust camshaft
- A separate camshaft controlling the opening and closing of the exhaust valves used in twin overhead camshaft engines
- Exhaust chamber
- Part of the two-stroke exhaust system designed to maintain a specified back pressure
- Exhaust cutout
- A Y-shaped device that is placed in the Exhaust pipe
ahead of the Muffler. The
Driver may Channel the
Exhaust through the muffler or out the other leg of the Y
where the exhaust passes out without going through the muffler.
Also see
- Exhaust emission controls
-
Systems or adjustments designed to limit noxious gases in an engine's Exhaust. Such controls can be grouped into two broad categories those designed to reduce or eliminate the formation of harmful pollutants in the engine itself (e.g., Retarded Spark setting) and those designed to destroy or otherwise alter the pollutants after they have been formed (e.g., Air injection, Thermal reactors, and Catalytic converters). Evaporative emission controls prevent Gasoline vapors from escaping into the atmosphere from the Fuel tank and Carburetor and Crankcase controls recycle fumes from the Crankcase through the engine.
Emission
Also see
- Exhaust emission control system
- A general term for any system that reduces the harmful exhaust emissions of a motor vehicle, including one or all of the following systems catalytic converter (with or without oxygen sensor air/fuel control), exhaust gas recirculation, secondary air injection or induction, and positive crankcase ventilation
- Exhaust emissions
- The unburned Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Oxides of nitrogen, and other noxious gases emitted when Gasoline is burned in an engine.
- Exhaust gas
- Gas which is the product of the combustion process and which is passed out of the cylinder through the exhaust valve or port into the exhaust system.
- Exhaust gas analyzer
- An instrument for determining efficiency with which an engine is burning
fuel.
Also see
- Exhaust-gas analyzer
- An instrument used to measure the Exhaust gases (in parts per million, percent, grams per kilometer, or grams per mile) to determine both Combustion Efficiency and the amount of pollutants in the Exhaust.
- Exhaust gas check valve
- (EGC) a device that allows air injection system air to enter the exhaust manifold, but prevents a reverse flow in the event of improper operation of other components
- Exhaust gases
- The burned and unburned gases which are expelled out of the
Exhaust system after
Combustion takes place.
Also see
- Exhaust gas oxygen sensor
- (EGO) a device that changes its output voltage as the exhaust gas
oxygen content changes when compared to the oxygen content of the
atmosphere. This constantly changing voltage signal is sent to the
processor for analysis and adjustment to the air/fuel ratio.
Also see
- Exhaust gas purification system
- An emission control system for diesel engines, which may consist of an Exhaust scrubber, a diesel exhaust filter, and/or a catalytic converter
- Exhaust-gas recirculation
- (EGR) An Emission control system where some of the Exhaust gases are rerouted from the Exhaust manifold into the Combustion chamber to make sure that all fuel is burned before entering the atmosphere. The process lowers the Combustion temperature and reduces the formation of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) in the Exhaust.
- Exhaust gas recirculation system
- (EGR) a system used to control oxides of nitrogen (NOx) the exhaust gases are recirculated, lowering the engine combustion temperature, thereby reducing engine pollutants
- Exhaust header
- Steel
tubing connecting pipes between the Exhaust ports and
the Exhaust pipe. Usually a
Header has been Polished
to allow for better flow of the Exhaust.
Also see
- Exhaust heat control valve
- (HCV) a valve which routes hot exhaust gases to the intake manifold heat riser during cold engine operation. Valve can be thermostatically controlled, vacuum operated or computer controlled
- Exhaust manifold
-
Exhaust Manifold
- The connecting pipes between the Exhaust ports of each Cylinder and the Exhaust pipe. It is usually made of cast iron. Sometimes called the Exhaust header but it is usually made of steel tubing.
- A set of pipes or a casting connected to the combustion chamber that carry exhaust gases from the engine to the exhaust system and out of the car through the tailpipe.
- Exhaust note
- The sound coming from the end of the exhaust pipe. It is usually described as pleasant, loud, throaty, or sporty.
- Exhaust oxygen sensor
- Device that detects the amount of oxygen in the exhaust stream and sends that information the ECM. Also called an Oxygen sensor or an O2 sensor
- Exhaust pipe
-
Pipe connecting Exhaust manifold or Header to the Muffler.
Exhaust pipe
- Exhaust port
-
Exhaust port
- The passage in the Cylinder head which connects the Exhaust valve and the Exhaust manifold. The Exhaust gases pass through the port to the exhaust manifold or Header.
- On Two-stroke engines the exhaust port is cut into the Cylinder wall because it does not have valves.
- That opening which carries the fluid to the downstream pressure of a fluid system.
- The opening from which the burnt gases leave the combustion chamber.
- Exhaust pressure regulator
- (EPR) a device for increasing exhaust backpressure at specific times to increase exhaust flow to the EGR valve
- Exhaust Retarder
- An engine device which changes exhaust pressure to assist in slowing down a vehicle. Also called an exhaust brake
- Exhaust scrubber
- A diesel exhaust gas purification system which cools the exhaust and separates nitrogen oxide and oil vapors from the gas stream
- Exhaust side
- The side of the engine where the exhaust valves and Exhaust manifold are located
- Exhaust stroke
-
The fourth stroke of a Four-stroke cycle where the Piston moves upward from Bottom dead center to Top dead center and pushes the burned Exhaust gases out of the Cylinder.
Exhaust stroke
- Exhaust system
-
The pipes, Resonators and Mufflers that carry the Exhaust gases from the Exhaust manifold out into the atmosphere.
Exhaust System
- Exhaust timing
- Exhaust control system developed especially for two-stroke motorcycle engines in order to enhance low and mid-range power
- Exhaust treatment
- Any measures taken to reduce the pollutant concentrations in the exhaust of an internal combustion engine released into the atmosphere
- Exhaust tuning
- Cutting the Exhaust pipe to a length that provides maximum Efficiency.
- Exhaust valve
-
Exhaust valve
- The valve through which the burned fuel charge passes on its way from the Cylinder to the Exhaust manifold. It is driven by the Camshaft. When comparing an exhaust valve with an Intake valve in the same engine, the part of the exhaust valve that seats into the Head (i.e., not the stem) will have a smaller diameter than the Intake valve.
- A movable port which provides an outlet for the cylinder gases in a compressor or engine.
Also see
- Expandable
- Flatbed or pole trailers that can be expanded beyond its regular length to carry larger shipments.
- Expander
-
- A ring placed under a Piston ring to increase
ring pressure on the Cylinder walls. For
instance an Oil control ring may have an
expander ring to assist the oil-control ring to scrape oil off the
Cylinder wall and provide further sealing.
Also see
- A device in a drum brake system (either hydraulic or mechanical) which forces the shoes apart into contact with the drum.
- A disc used in a wheel cylinder which helps to seal the fit between the cup lips and cylinder walls when there is no pressure in the system.
- A ring placed under a Piston ring to increase
ring pressure on the Cylinder walls. For
instance an Oil control ring may have an
expander ring to assist the oil-control ring to scrape oil off the
Cylinder wall and provide further sealing.
- Expander Ring
- A tension ring located under the piston ring that pushes the piston ring out from the piston in order to increase ring pressure on the walls of the cylinder.
- Expansion
- An increase in size, for example when a metal rod is heated, it increases in length and perhaps also in diameter. Expansion is the opposite of Contraction.
- Expansion Bolt
- A combination of a lag bolt and an internally threaded split sleeve, designed for fastening to stone or concrete by inserting a sleeve into a hole in the concrete and expanding to a tight fit in the hole by turning the lag both with a wrench.
- Expansion joint
- Device in piping designed to allow movement of the pipe caused by the pipe's expansion and contraction.
- Expansion plug
- A steel
plug, slightly dished or cup-shaped. When driven into place it flattens to fit tightly in its seat. In
an engine block, expansion plugs (also called freeze plugs or core-hole plugs) are inserted into
the holes in the casting through which core was removed when casting was formed. They open
into cooling passages and thus provide pressure relief should the engine coolant freeze and
expand.
Also see
- Expansion tank
- When the engine is heated, the Coolant expands to fill any available space (usually in the Radiator). Before the introduction of Coolant expansion tanks, the excess Coolant was forced out of a vent tube and on the ground. The expansion tank collects the Coolant so that when the engine cools off, the resultant Vacuum sucks the Coolant from the tank back into the Radiator.
- Expansion tube
- A device that converts high pressure liquid Refrigerant into low pressure liquid Refrigerant (thus lowering its boiling point) before it passes through the evaporator. The expansion valve replaces the thermostatic expansion valve. It is also referred to as a Fixed orifice tube
- Expansion valve
- A part of an air-conditioning system, located between the Condenser and the Evaporator that regulates the flow of liquid Refrigerant to the vaporator. If cooling needs are low, the valve is almost closed; as additional cooling is required, the valve opens wider so that more liquid Refrigerant flows to the Evaporator. It reduces the pressure from the high side to the low side and is operated by pressure. Also called an automatic expansion valve (AEV) or thermostatic expansion valve.
- Expected residual value
- This is the projected or expected value of the vehicle at the end of the lease. Residual value is a measure of the vehicle's expected depreciation.
- Expendable refrigerant system
- System which discards the Refrigerant after it has evaporated.
- Experimental Safety Vehicle
- (ESV) A special vehicle built for research into and testing of safety features; (compare SID)
- Exploded view
- A drawing of a mechanism or structure which shows the parts separately but approximately in the position they occupy when assembled
- Exploratory well
- A hole drilled: a) to find and produce oil or gas in an area previously considered unproductive area; b) to find a new reservoir in a known field, i.e., one previously producing oil and gas from another reservoir, or c) to extend the limit of a known oil or gas reservoir.
- Explosion-proof enclosure
- (EXP-PRF) A special enclosed electrical motor housing designed to withstand an internal explosion of specified gases or vapors and allow the internal flame or explosion to escape, usually used in smaller ratings below 1/3 hp if nonventilated (EPNV) and in fan-cooled (EPFC) in larger ratings
- Explosive rivet
- A blind rivet with a hollow shank holding a charge of explosive material. When the rivet is inserted, the shank explodes when you strike the rivet with a hammer thus securing the rivet in place.
- Express Van
-
A model of full-size van produced by the Chevrolet division of General Motors from 1996 to 2008
Click image for books on
Express Van
- Expressway
- A US multilane highway road with limited access to be used for rapid travel with few interchanges.
- Extended Cab
-
A type of pickup truck (by GM) which has a second row of seating; but unlike a crew cab (which has four full size doors) it has a half-door that can be opened only after the main door is opened. The seating is usually a little more cramped than in a crew cab. Also called Club Cab, King Cab, XtraCab, Access Cab, SuperCab, or Cab Plus.
Extended Cab
- Extension
- A part which is inserted between a ratchet and a socket to provide access to nuts or bolts which are deeply inset or hard to reach. Also called extension bar or extension piece.
- Extension spring
-
A closed-coiled Helical spring that offers resistance to a pulling force.
Extension spring
- Exterior mirror
- The mirror that is usually mounted on the door. In Japan (and other countries) it was mounted on the front Fenders. Also called external mirror.
- External combustion engine
- An engine that burns its fuel outside the engine. A Steam engine is an external combustion engine.
- External drive
- Term used to indicate a compressor driven directly from the shaft or by a belt using an external motor. Compressor and motor are serviceable separately.
- External equalizer
- Tube connected to low-pressure side of a thermostatic expansion valve
diaphragm and to exit end of evaporator.
Also see
- Externally-balanced crankshaft
- A crankshaft that requires external balancing weight, usually on the vibration damper of the Flywheel, for balance
- External mirror
- The mirror that is usually mounted on the door. In Japan (and other countries) it was mounted on the front Fenders. Also called exterior mirror.
- External mix air cap
- A special type of air cap for spray guns. Air and fluid are mixed in the space
outside the air cap, directly in front of the nozzle the most common type of air cap.
Also see
- External reforming
- The production of hydrogen from a hydrocarbon fuel (methanol, gasoline, natural gas, propane, etc.) prior to entry to the fuel cell or stack.
- External snap ring
- A split ring held in place by its own tension within the grooves cut around a shaft. Compare Internal snap ring.
- External thread
- Thread consisting of projecting ridges on the outside of a part such as a bolt or screw (which fits into the corresponding internal thread of a nut). Also called male thread
- External tooth lock washer
-
A hardened circular lock washer with a series of twisted prongs or "teeth" which extend out from the outer edge of the washer. In application, these teeth bite into the nut, bolt, or material to prevent the nut from easily backing out. Compare internal tooth lock washer
External tooth lock washer
- External vane pump
- A pump with either an elliptic rotating piston or an eccentrically mounted circular rotor
- Extras
- Optional items either supplied by the manufacturer at the buyer's request, or added later by the owner. Usually they are things like seat covers, floor mats, additional lights, Sunroof, glass tinting, CD changers, etc.
- Extreme-pressure lubricant
- (EP lubricant) A Lubricant designed and compounded to withstand very heavy loads imposed on gear teeth.
- Extrude
- To form or shape a tube or rod by forcing hot or soft metal, rubber, or plastic through an aperture
- Extruder
- A machine that shapes a rubber compound into a usable form. Uncured rubber is heated to soften and forced through dies having the desired shape and dimensions.