DICTIONARY OF AUTOMOTIVE TERMS - "En"


Enable:
A microcomputer decision that results in an engine management system being activated and permitted to operate
Enamel:
Type of paint that dries to a smooth, glossy finish. It is easier to apply than cellulose. If cellulose is applied over it, the cellulose will lift (i.e., peel off).
Also See:
finishing enamel porcelain enamel
vitreous enamel
Enamelling:
See:
vitreous enamelling
EN block:
See:
EN-block.
EN-block:
One piece—such as an engine cylinder block cast in one piece.
Encapsulated winding:
An electrical motor that has its windings structured completely coated with an insulating resin (such as epoxy). This construction type is more designed for exposure to severe atmospheric conditions than is the normal varnished windings.
ENCL:
Abbreviation for an electric motor enclosure
Enclosure:
(ENCL) The term used to describe the electrical motor housing as one of the following types: drip-proof enclosure, open drip-proof enclosure, explosion-proof enclosure, fan cooled enclosure, nonventilated enclosure, open enclosure, totally enclosed enclosure
Also see:
speaker enclosure
End:
See:
belt end
big end
bitter end
bottom end
drive end
drive end bracket
female end
firing end
front end
front end alignment
gudgeon pin end
heavy-duty end cutting pliers
high leverage end cutting pliers
little end
male end
nut end
open end lease
piston pin end
piston ring end gap
rear end
rear end lift
ring end gap
small end
stud end
tie rod end
top end
wedge end
End alignment:
See:
front end alignment
End bearing:
See:
small end bearing
End bell:
End structure of plate of electric motor which usually holds motor bearings.
End bracket:
The cover containing a bearing at each end of a generator or alternator. Also called "end cover," end shield, "end bell," or "end cover plate."
Also See:
drive end bracket
slip-ring end bracket
End cap:
The cap covering the end of a piece of trim or of a barrel fuse
End cover:
The cover containing a bearing at each end of a generator or alternator. Also called "end bracket" or "end cover plate"
End cover plate:
The cover containing a bearing at each end of a generator or alternator. Also called "end cover" or "end bracket"
End cutters:
British term for side cutters
End cutting:
See:
heavy-duty end cutting pliers
high leverage end cutting pliers
End cutting pliers:
British term for side cutters
Also See:
heavy-duty end cutting pliers
high leverage end cutting pliers
End dump:
A term used to describe various dump trucks or trailers that tilt to unload at the rear.
End float:
See:
End play
End form:
Any type of connector at the end of a hose or pipe.
End gap:
See:
piston ring end gap
ring end gap
End gas:
The last part of the fuel-air mixture that has been introduced into the cylinder but has not yet been consumed in the normal flame-front reaction.
End gear:
See:
axle end gears.
End gears:
See:
axle end gears.
End hexagon screwdriver:
See:
ball end hexagon screwdriver
End lease:
See:
closed end lease
open end lease
End lift:
See:
rear end lift
Endo:
(Short form for "end-over-end"). The maneuver of flying unexpectedly over the handlebars, thus being forcibly ejected from the bike as in "If you hit that log you'll go endo."
End-of-lease purchase price:
If there is a purchase option in the lease contract or agreement, this will be the agreed upon price for the purchase of the vehicle at the end of the lease-the stated residual value. This price may also include additional fees.
End-of term interest rate:
See:
buy at end-of term interest rate
Endoscope:
An instrument used to see into the interior of hollow cavities such as box sections
Endothermal:
Chemical reaction in which heat is absorbed.
End piece:
See:
sill end piece
End play:
  1. The looseness in bearing clearance in an axial direction.
  2. Slight movement of shaft along its center line.

Also See:
camshaft end play
End plug:
The caps that fit onto or into the ends of the handlebars
End shield:
That part of the electrical motor housing which supports the bearings and acts as a protective guard to the electrical and rotating parts inside the motor. This part is frequently called the "end bracket" or "end bell."
End speed:
See:
top end speed
Endurance test:
A test of a material or system over a long period to determine when it will fail
Enduro:
Off-road competition against the clock and usually over long distances
Enduro bike:
A mountain bicycle for cross-country endurance races; generally lightweight, mid-travel (3 to 4 inches), dual suspension designs to balance performance and long-ride comfort
Energize:
To activate (a solenoid, relay, etc.) by providing sufficient energy
Energizing:
See:
self-energizing
Energy:
Capacity (actual or potential) for doing work. It is measured in joules or kilowatt-hours.
Also See:
high energy battery
high energy coil
high energy ignition system with electronic spark timing
high energy ignition system
kinetic energy
potential energy
Energy-absorbing:
The ability to absorb impact forces
Energy absorbing bumper:
See:
bumper system.
Energy-absorbing bumper:
See:
bumper system.
Energy absorbing steering column:
A steering column which collapses when the vehicle is involved in a crash.
Energy audit:
Process of accurately determining the current energy consumption for a given area.
Energy battery:
See:
high energy battery
Energy coil:
See:
high energy coil
Energy conservation:
Process, upon reviewing the calculations for determining head loads, of instituting changes that will result in energy savings.
Energy conversion:
The changing of one form of energy into another or into work, such as that in the combustion process, the heat of which is used to turn the engine and thus create motion
Energy efficiency ratio:
(EER) The ratio of the rated cooling capacity in BTU per hour divided by the amount of electrical power used in watts.
Energy ignition:
See:
high energy ignition system with electronic spark timing
high energy ignition system
Energy ignition system:
See:
high energy ignition system
high energy ignition system with electronic spark timing
Energy ignition system with electronic spark timing:
See:
high energy ignition system with electronic spark timing
Energy management control system:
Controllers used in a system which optimizes total energy usage in a building or residence.
Energy Protection Agency:
See:
EPA estimates.
Energy retarder:
See:
engine brake.
Energy utilization index:
(EUI) A number which is used to compare energy usages for different areas. It is calculated by dividing the energy consumption (in BTUs) by the square footage of the conditioned area.
Engage:
  1. To come into contact and be locked together (with another part).
  2. To bring (a part) into contact with another so that it is locked to it
Engagement:
The result of bringing into locking contact (e.g. of the clutch), or selection of a gear
Engaging the throttle:
The action of causing the throttle linkage to move so that more fuel enters the engine to increase the speed of the vehicle.
Engine:
Engine A machine for changing fuel energy to mechanical energy. The term applies to the primary source of power generation. In Britain there is a desire to make a clear distinction between "engine" and "motor" so that "motor" refers only to electric power units (i.e., starter motor) and "engine" for gasoline or diesel powered units. However, in the U.S.A. the term "motor" can apply to both types. Yet, even in Britain, combustion driven vehicles are called "motor cars" and "motorcycles."
Also See:
adiabatic engine
air cooled engine
all-alloy engine
alloy engine
aspirated engine
balanced engine
big-block engine
boxer engine
cam engine
carburetor engine
cih engine
combustion engine
cubic inch engine
diesel engine
dual-piston engine
dual overhead cam engine
electronic engine control
engine types
exchange engine
external combustion engine
F-head engine
federal engine
F head engine
fire engine
flat engine
flooded engine
four-cycle engine
four-cylinder engine
four-stroke cycle engine
four cycle engine
four stroke cycle engine
front engine
fuel-injected engine
fuel injection engine
HC engine
high-camshaft engine
horizontally opposed engine
hydrocarbon engine
I-head engine
IC engine
I head engine
in-line engine
inclined engine
indirect injection engine
injected engine
inlet over exhaust engine
inline engine
intake over exhaust engine
internal combustion engine
ioe engine
L-head engine
lean-burn engine
L head engine
long block engine
longitudinal engine
long stroke engine
mid-engine
naturally aspirated engine
nominal engine speed
normally aspirated engine
OHV engine
opposed engine
over square engine
pancake engine
piston-valve engine
piston engine
plastic engine
pre-combustion engine
pushrod engine
push rod engine
quad-cam engine
radial engine
rear engine
rebuilt engine
reciprocating engine
reconditioned engine
rotary engine
short block engine
short engine
short stroke engine
side-valve engine
SI engine
single-cylinder engine
six-cylinder engine
sixteen valve engine
slant engine
small-block engine
spark ignition engine
square-four engine
square engine
steam engine
stirling engine
straight engine
stratified charge engine
supercharged Engine
SV engine
T-head engine
T head engine
three-port engine
three-valve engine
traction engine
transverse engine
turbine engine
turbocharged engine
twelve-cylinder engine
twelve-valve engine
twin-piston engine
twin cam engine
twin camshaft engine
two-cycle engine
two-stroke cycle engine
two-valve engine
two stroke cycle engine
U-cylinder engine
under-square engine
undersquare engine
under square engine
unit engine
V-eight engine
V-engine
V-four engine
V-six engine
V-sixteen engine
V-ten engine
V-twelve engine
V-type engine
V-X engine
valve-in-head engine
vee engine
V engine
VR engine
V type engine
W-engine
wankel engine
winding the engine
X-engine
X-type engine
x. Liter Engine
X engine
Engine adapter:
A unit that allows a different engine to be installed in a vehicle and still bolt up to the original transmission.
Engine analyzer:
An electronic engine testing device which (because of its size) used to be placed in a cabinet or a movable stand. The modern units are often hand-held and are connected to the vehicle's diagnostic socket (as in the case of the diagnostic read-out box), which provides data on all aspects of the engine's state of tune
Engine bay:
The engine compartment.
Engine block:
engine block The cylinder block.
Engine block heater:
See:
block heater
Engine brake:
A system that is independent of the conventional braking systems which assists in the slowing of a vehicle. A driver would normally down-shift to slow his descent down a hill, using engine compression. The engine brake increases the effectiveness of this retarding force. The most common type is called a "Jake Brake""Jake Brake" because the predominant manufacturer is Jacobs Vehicle Equipment Co. Other types of retarders include exhaust retarders, transmission-mounted hydraulic retarders and axle-mounted electromagnetic retarders. Also called energy retarder, or simply retarder.
Engine braking effect:
A retarding effect of an engine when the vehicle is in gear with the throttle closed. Also called a "jake brake"
Engine calibration unit:
An electronic component which can be specifically programmed to the design of each car model to control the M/C solenoid. Plugs into the Electronic Control Module (ECM). Also called a programmable read only memory (PROM)
Engine capacity:
The swept volume of an engine
Engine compartment:
The space where the engine is mounted. Also called the "engine bay."
Also See:
cluttered engine compartment
crowded engine compartment
Engine control:
See:
electronic engine control engine control module
Engine control module:
(ECM) An advanced electronic computer which monitors engine conditions and then controls engine settings to optimize the combustion of the air/fuel mixture.

Engine control system:
See:
engine-control system.
Engine-control system:
A computer that regulates the operation of the engine by monitoring certain engine characteristics (rpm, coolant temperature, intake airflow, etc.) through a network of sensors and then controlling key variables (fuel metering, spark timing EGR, etc.) according to pre-programmed schedules.
Engine coolant:
Antifreeze liquid used in the engine's cooling system
Engine coolant temperature sensor: (ECT)
  1. The thermistor sensor that provides coolant temperature information to the computer. Used to alter spark advance and EGR flow during warm-up or an overheating condition
  2. A sensor which provides an electrical output proportional to the engine coolant temperature.
Engine cover:
The panel which conceals the engine in a mid-engine car. Also called "access panel."
Also See:
hood (British "bonnet") which covers the engine only in a front-mounted engine.
Engine damage:
Breakage, deformation, or scoring of the internal parts of an engine due to running at very high rpms for an extended period of time or with insufficient lubrication. A rod could break off and drive a hole into the cases; a valve could break off or imbed itself into the top of a piston; the piston could heat and expand and thus seize against the cylinder walls; or other types of damage could occur.
Engine depression:
Low pressure on the engine side of the throttle caused by piston suction in the inlet manifold
Engine diagnostic connector:
The electrical connector for plugging in the engine analyzer, forming an interface between the engine electronic controls and diagnostic unit, and used to read the engine data as well as any fault codes stored in the memory of the engine controller

Engine displacement:
To determine, multiply the volume of the space through which the head of the piston moves in the full length of its stroke by the number of cylinders in the engine. The result is given in cubic inches or liters.
Engineering:
See:
automotive engineering
badge engineering
production engineering
Engine flywheel:
A spinning plate located at the end of the crankshaft.
Also See:
flywheel.
Engine hoist:
Small crane for lifting an engine out of a motor vehicle, formerly incorporating a block and tackle, but now usually hydraulically operated.
Also See:
gantry
Engine identification number:
(EIN) A number stamped on the engine which may or may not match the number on the vehicle identification plate. Also called "engine number"

Engine knock:
When the engine is operating, an audible noise may be heard when the fuel in the cylinders is ignited too early and/or spontaneously, resulting in colliding flame fronts and shock waves which cause high thermal and mechanical stress, and can severely damage the engine.
Engine layout:
  1. The type of engine, with reference to the arrangement of its cylinders and their number (as in a flat four, V-twin, or straight eight).
  2. The location of the engine in the vehicle (as in a front mount, mid-mount, or rear engine).
  3. The placement of the engine in the engine compartment: e.g., a transverse or in-line engine
Engine management system:
(EMS) An electronic engine control system which covers at least the functioning of the fuel injection and ignition, but may also include emission controls and self-diagnostics
Engine map:
As an engine speeds up, the timing needs to be advanced. On older vehicles, this is accomplished mechanically with a counterweight advance in the distributor. In modern vehicles, the timing can be advanced progressively by means of a computer chip which is programmed to provide the ideal timing. It also provides other factors in some engines such as the opening and closing of valves, etc.
Also See:
characteristic map.
Engine misfire:
See:
misfire
Engine modifications:
Alterations to the specification of the engine to increase power output, improve economy, reduce emissions, etc.
Engine mount:
One of two or more supports that connect the transmission and engine to the vehicle's chassis. Composed of rubber and steel, the engine mounts absorb the motion (twisting, vibrating, etc.) produced by the operation of the engine and transmission. They also assist in reducing the noise and motion transmitted to the passenger compartment. The most efficient recently developed mounts are hydraulic, in some cases electroncially-controlled.
Engine mounting:
A flexible support for the engine in which an elastic medium, usually rubber, is interposed between the lugs on the engine and the frame of the vehicle
Engine noise:
The amount of noise produced by the engine when it is running. Engine noise is more noticeable with a diesel at lower speeds
Engine number:
(EIN) A number stamped on the engine which may or may not match the number on the vehicle identification plate. Also called "engine identification number"
Engine oil:
Oil within the engine used to lubricate the moving components. At one time the oil was a single grade, but modern engines use multi-viscosity oil.
Also See:
straight weight engine oil
synthetic engine oil
Engine oil gallery:
A series of passages, usually drilled, through which oil circulates to key sections of the engine and to the crankshaft
Engine oil pan:
See:
oil pan.
Engine oil level warning light:
A light on the instrument panel which comes on when the oil in the sump falls below a certain level
Engine overhaul:
When an old engine burns too much oil and loses power, it is dismantled and restored to the manufacturer's original tolerances by replacement of worn parts, reboring the cylinders, regrinding the crankshaft, etc.
Engine overheating:
A condition that occurs when the coolant in the cooling system is so hot the metals in the engine are at a temperature that may cause damage to them. In additionm , the engine runs poorly and usually stalls. See overheat
Engine parameters:
A term used in the context of emission controls for those engine characteristics sensitive to engine performance, such as power/bhp, general engine performance, and fuel economy
Engine performance tester:
An engine analyzer
Engine sequence test:
The test which determines how well oil will prevent engine rusting, corrosion, scuffing, wear, and the formation of sludge and varnish.
Engine size:
The engine displacement or capacity
Engine speed:
The number of revolutions per minute (rpm) at which the engine crankshaft turns. The vehicle itself may be stationary or in motion.
Also See:
nominal engine speed
Engine speed limiter:
A device which acts as a governor which cuts the power when a certain number of rpm is reached
Engine speed sensor:
In most cases, a magnetic pick-up that scans the flywheel teeth and produces one output signal per scanned tooth, or a Hall generator in the distributor, whose signals are passed to the electronic control unit
Engine subframe:
A separate frame in which the engine is mounted
Engine temperature sensor:
A sensor used to monitor the temperature of the engine

Engine timing:
  1. The point of time when the spark ignites the air/fuel mixture (ignition timing)
  2. The setting of the valves when they open or close (valve timing)
Engine type:
Over the years of engine development, several types or configurations have been made. All of them relate to the position of the valves and the camshaft (s) that operates them.
Engine warning light:
See:
check engine warning light
Enrichment:
Making the air/fuel mixture richer, i.e., increasing the fuel content.
Also See:
acceleration enrichment
after-start enrichment
cold start enrichment
cranking enrichment
full load enrichment
full throttle enrichment
hot start enrichment
warm-up enrichment
Enrichment device:
A circuit in a carburetor providing a richer mixture, operated by engine vacuum
Enrichment unit:
A circuit in a carburetor providing a richer mixture, operated by engine vacuum

Enrichner:
A fuel plunger which is used in a carburetor in place of a choke. By activating the plunger more gas is permitted into the intake area to enrichen the fuel-air mixture for easier starting.
Also See:
choke
Entertainment:
See:
in-car entertainment
Enthalpy:
Total amount of heat in one pound of a substance calculated from accepted temperature base. Temperature of 32°F (0°C) is the accepted base for water vapor calculation. For refrigerator calculations, the accepted base is -40°F (-40°C).
Entrain:
to add or suspend bubbles or particles in a moving fluid

Entrepreneur:
One who undertakes ownership of a business or enterprise
Entrepreneurship:
A person's ability to organize, manage, and assume risks of operating a business

Entropy:
Mathematical factor used in engineering calculations. Energy in a system.
Entry:
See:
illuminated entry system
keyless entry system
multi-entry
remote keyless entry
Entry-level version:
Basic model suitable as someone's first car
Entry model:
Basic model suitable as someone's first car
Entry system:
See:
illuminated entry system
keyless entry system
Envelope:
  1. A thin rubber wrapper that surrounds the tread, sidewall and is tucked inside the curing rim during the pre-cured cold process retreading. It protects bonding materials from humidity within the chamber.
  2. A cover enclosing something entirely, such as the glass of a lamp bulb.

Also See:
outer envelope
Envelope separator:
A porous plastic separator used in maintenance-free batteries to enclose the individual plates completely
Enveloping body:
See:
all-enveloping body
Environment:
The surrounding conditions.
Environmentally aware:
An awareness of the dangers and threats to the environment caused by vehicle use and the taking of appropriate action to avoid them
Environmentally friendly:
Something that is harmless to the environment, or causing as little harm as possible
Environmental Protection Act:
See:
Canadian Environmental Protection Act
Environment-conscious:
An awareness of the dangers and threats to the environment caused by vehicle use and the taking of appropriate action to avoid them

Enzyme:
Complex organic substance, originating from living cells, that speeds up chemical changes in foods. Enzyme action is slowed by cooling.



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