DICTIONARY OF AUTOMOTIVE TERMS - "Ca"

C
  1. Abbreviation for Celsius or Centigrade.
  2. Abbreviation for Coulomb.
  3. Abbreviation for Comfort.
  4. Abbreviation for Carbon
  5. Symbol for the speed of light in a vacuum.
C-3
Acronym for Computer command control system
C3I
Acronym for Computer controlled coil ignition
C4H
A mixture of light hydrocarbons that have the general formula C4Hn, where n is the number of hydrogen atoms per molecule. Examples include Butane (C4H10) and Butylene (C4H8).
C-4 system
Acronym for computer-controlled catalytic converter
C&C
Acronym for Cab and chassis
CA
  1. An API classification for Diesel engine oil widely used in the late 1940s and '50s that operated in mild to moderate duty with high quality fuels; occasionally has included gasoline engines in mild service. Oils designed for this service provide protection from bearing corrosion and ring-belt deposits in some naturally aspirated diesel engines when using fuels of such quality that they impose no unusual requirements for wear and deposits protection. It was replaced by CB designated oil in 1949.
  2. Acronym for Cab/Axle describing the distance from the rear of the cab to the rear axle.
CAA
  1. Acronym for Clean Air Act
  2. Acronym for Civil Aviation Authority
CAAA
Acronym for Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
CAAM
Acronym for China Association of Automobile Manufacturers.
CAB
  1. Acronym for Civil Aeronautics Board
  2. Acronym for Controller, Anti-lock brake
Cab
  1. A taxi or car for hire.
  2. The closed part of a truck (or even a car) where the Driver sits.

Also See
Access Cab
Cabover
Chassis cab
Club Cab
Crew Cab
Double Cab
Easy Access Cab
Extended Cab
King Cab
Quad Cab
Regular Cab

Cab Aside Engine
(CAE) A truck where the driver's cab sits to one side of the engine as seen on refuse trucks and some construction equipment.
Cabbage
Trucker slang for a long steep incline in Eastern Oregon as in "I jammed the brakes pullin' off of Cabbage"
Cab & chassis
(CC, or C & C) The front of a tractor trailer unit
Cab and chassis
The front of a tractor trailer unit
Cab-Behind Engine
(CB) (CBE) Conventional style of a large truck which has a hood and an engine in front of the occupant cab.
Cab chassis
A truck Chassis which includes the driver compartment.
Cab Forward
Cab Forward

Cab Forward

A truck that is similar to a cabover in that the cab is positioned ahead of the engine. Most commonly seen on refuse trucks and some construction equipment.
Cab-forward design
A car design in which the front end is short and the footwells extended to the front axle. This design gave more passenger space and pushed the windshield further from the passengers
Cabin
A passenger compartment of an enclosed vehicle.
Cabin altitude
The normal pressure altitude maintained in the cabin of a pressurized aircraft.
Cabin blower
An engine-driven pump, usually of displacement type, for maintaining an aircraft cockpit or cabin above atmospheric pressure. Also called cabin supercharger.
Cabin differential pressure
The pressure in excess of that of the surrounding atmosphere which is needed to maintain comfortable conditions at high altitude. For an aircraft flying at 9000m this differential would be about 60 kNm-2.
Cabin forward

See
Cab-forward design

Cabin-forward design

See
Cab-forward design

Cabin supercharger

See
Cabin blower

Cable
A cord generally made of strands of thin wire. Electrical cables are covered with a protective non-conducting material. Control cables are housed within an outer sleeve.

Also See
Balanced-pair Cable
Bowden cable
Brake cable
Clutch cable
Control cable
Derailleur Cable
Gearchange cables
Heavy cable
Ignition cable
Jumper cables
Light cable
Parking-brake Cable
Shift cables
Spark plug cable
Speedometer cable
Starter switch control cable
Stirrup cable
Universal Cable

Cable activated
A device which is controlled by a cable. As a lever or pedal is engaged, the device is correspondingly moved. The longer the cable the less efficient is the system. Cables tend to stretch and fray with use.
Cable-angle indicator
An indicator showing the vertical angle between the longitudinal axis of a glider and its towing cable, also its yaw and roll attitude relative to the towing aircraft.
Cable brake
A braking device which is activated by a cable
Cable buoy
A buoy attached to an anchor and serving to mark its position.
Cablecar
A tram pulled by a moving underground cable, in the same manner as the Cable railway.
Cable clamp
  1. A device for securing a cable end to the point where it connects.
  2. A device which secures the outer sheath of a cable
Cable cover strip

See
Spark plug cable cover strip

Cable crimp
A small aluminum or plastic cap installed on the ends of bicycle brake and shift inner cables to keep them from fraying; also known as a cable end. The outer cable sheath end is protected from fraying by a Ferrule
Cable cutter
Cable Cutter

Cable Cutter

A tool for severing a cable.
Cable ducts
Earthenware, steel, plastic, or concrete pipes containing cables.
Cable end
A small aluminum or plastic cap installed on the ends of bicycle brake and shift inner cables to keep them from fraying; also known as a cable crimp. The outer cable sheath end is protected from fraying by a Ferrule
Cable form
The normal scheme of cabling between units of apparatus. The bulk of the cable is made up on a board, using nails at the appropriate corners, each wire of the specified color identification being stretched over its individual route with adequate skinner. When the cable is bound with twine and waxed, it is fitted to the apparatus on the racks and the skinners connected, by soldering, to the tag blocks.
Cable grip
A flexible cone of wire which is put on the end of a cable. When the cone is pulled, it tightens and bites into the sheath of the cable, and can be used to pull the cable into a duct.
Cable guide
A tube which is secured in place to channel the cable which runs through it
Cable Housing

See
Brake Cable Housing
Derailleur Cable Housing

Cable-laid rope
A rope formed of several strands laid together so that the twist of the rope is in the opposite direction to the twist of the strands.
Cable lock
A thick cable with a lock at one end and which can be wrapped around a bicycle frame and a post to protect the bike from being stolen.
Cable logging
A system of transporting logs from stump to landing by means of steel cables and winch. This method is usually preferred on steep slopes, wet areas, and erodible soils where tractor logging cannot be carried out effectively.
Cable loom

See
Spark plug cable loom

Cable marker

See
Spark plug cable marker

Cable operated
An item which is controlled by a cable
Cable railway
Means of transport whereby carriages are pulled up an incline by an endless overground or underground cable.
Cables

See
Cable

Cable seal
A heavy steel cable used to keep trailer doors closed.
Cable separator

See
Spark plug cable separator

Cable-stayed bridge
A bridge type for medium spans in which the decking is suspended by diagonal cables attached directly to the supporting tower. Can be of fan or harp design. The decking is always in compression and is self-supporting during construction.

Also See
Bridge

Cable-way
A construction consisting of cables slung over and between two or more towers, so that skips suspended from the cables may be moved often over long distances. It is used for transport of ore etc. Also called blondin.
Cabover
Cabover truck

Cabover truck

A truck or tractor design in which the cab sits over the engine on the chassis. The cabover is identified by the windshield being located directly over the front bumper and the driver is directly over the steering axle. Also called flat-faced, butt-nosed, or Cab-over-engine
Cab-Over-Engine
(COE) A truck or tractor design in which the cab sits over the engine on the chassis. The cabover is identified by the windshield being located directly over the front bumper and the driver is directly over the steering axle. Also called flat-faced or butt-nosed.
Cab Plus
A type of pickup truck (by Mazda) which has a second row of seating; but unlike a Crew cab (which has four full size doors) it has a half-door that can be opened only after the main door is opened. The seating is usually a little more cramped than in a Crew cab. Also called Club Cab, Extended Cab, King Cab, Xtracab, Access Cab, Supercab
Cabriolet
French for convertible. A vehicle type similar to a sport coupé, it has a provision for converting to an open-type body (i.e., Convertible). A Rumble seat is a common on older vehicles, but not a mandatory feature. Mercedes-Benz distinguishes the cabriolet from the roadster in that the former has a soft-top which folds up while the roadster has a hard-top which is stored in the trunk. Also called a Drophead coupé.
CAC
Acronym for Charge Air Cooler
CACIS
Acronym for Continuous AC Ignition System
CAD
Acronym for computer aided design software
Cadastral survey
Land survey, boundary delineation.
Caddy
An euphemistic name for Cadillac

Also See
Plug caddy

Cadence
The speed your bicycle pedals turn. Professional bicycle riders have cadence of over 100 rpm
Cadence braking
A braking method in which the driver rapidly depresses and releases the brake pedal to bring a vehicle to an emergency stop
Cadillac
Cadillac

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Cadillac

The following Cadillacs are classic cars For a history of Cadillac, see Cadillac History. Models include the following:
Cadmium cell
A reference voltage standard, giving 1.0186 V at 20°C. Also called Weston standard cadmium cell.
Cadmium copper
A variety of copper containing 0.7 to 1.0% cadmium. Used for trolley, telephone, and telegraph wires because it gives high strength in cold-drawn condition combined with good conductivity.
Cadmium photocell
A photoconductive cell using cadmium disulfide or cadmium selenide as the photosensitive semiconductor. Sensitive to longer wavelengths and infrared. It has a rapid response to changes in light intensity.
Cadmium-plated
Something that is covered with a coating of cadmium. It is usually used to protect aluminum and steel nuts and bolts
Cadmium red line
Spectrum line formerly chosen as a reproducible standard of length, wavelength 643.8496 nm.
CAE
  1. Acronym for Computer Aided Engineering
  2. Acronym for Cab Aside Engine -- a vehicle with a cab off to one side of the engine as seen on refuse trucks and some construction equipment. The cab is designed for only the driver.
Caesium
British spelling for Cesium
CAFE
Acronym for Corporate Average Fuel Economy. Under CAFE, which was enacted in 1975, a motor vehicle manufacturer must place its U.S. automobile and light truck fleet sales in one of two vehicle fleets, either domestic or import, for fuel economy averaging purposes.
Café chop
Converting a stock motorcycle into a café racer is known as doing a café chop on a bike
Café racer
  1. Motorcycle modified to resemble racing motorcycles from the 1950s and 60s. They are called café racers because their owners supposedly raced from café to café in London, where the bikes first appeared in the 1960s
  2. An early Sportbike motorcycle which originated in Europe. They had a low Windshield and the rider was bent forward to optimize the flow of air. Its name came from those who raced from one restaurant (café) to another.
Cage
  1. Any enclosure.
  2. On a front Derailleur of a Bicycle, it is a pair of parallel plates that push the Chain from side to side; on a rear Derailleur, it is a set of plates in which Pulleys are mounted to hold and guide the Chain from Cog to cog.
  3. Any device for holding or securing something, e.g., a bottle cage on a Bicycle.

    Also see
    Bottle Cage

  4. When referring to bearings, it is the part which holds the balls or Rollers in place. Usually called Ball cage.

    Also See
    Needle cage
    Roller cage
    Squirrel Cage

  5. When referring to a vehicle, it is the safety enclosure called a Roll cage.

    Also See
    Differential cage
    Integrated roll cage
    Multi-reed cage

  6. The platform on which goods are hoisted up or lowered down a vertical shaft or guides; in mines, the steel box used to raise and lower workers, materials, or tubs. May have two or three decks.
Cage pedal
Cage Pedal

Cage Pedal

A bicycle pedal that is surrounded by a cage. It is found on all terrain bikes.
Cage rotor
A form of rotor, used for induction motors, having on it a Cage winding. Also called squirrel-cage rotor.
Cage winding
A type of winding used for rotors of some types of induction motors, and for the starting or damping windings of synchronous machines. It consists of a number of bars of copper or other conducting materials, passing along slots in the core and welded to rings at each end. Also called squirrel-cage winding.
Cailletet's process
A method for the liquefaction of gases based on the free expansion of a gas from a higher to a lower pressure.
CAJAD
Acronym for Canadian Association of Japanese Automobile Dealers
Cake
The rectangular casting of copper or its alloys before rolling into sheet or strip.
Cal
Abbreviation for Calorie
CAL
Acronym for Computer Aided Lighting
Calandria
Closed vessel penetrated by pipes so that liquids in each do not mix. In evaporating plant the tubes carry the heating fluid and in certain types of nuclear reactor, e.g., CANDU reactors, the sealed vessel is called a calandria
Calcination
A process in which a material is heated to a high temperature without fusing, so that hydrates, carbonates, or other compounds are decomposed and the volatile material is expelled.
Calcium chloride
  1. A chemical (salt) which is added to water in a Liquid ballast.
  2. A soluble compound produced from calcium carbonate and hydrogen chloride generally used in cold temperatures (18° - -10°C) to deice roads or to pre-wet salt before applying to roads.
Calcium magnesium acetate
A compound produced from limestone and acetic acid used for anti-icing and deicing of roads. It is less corrosive than salt, but more expensive.
Calcium sulfate
Chemical compound (CaSO4), which is used as a drying agent or desiccant in liquid line driers

Also see
Anhydrous calcium sulphate

Calcium tungstate screen
A fluorescent screen used in a cathode-ray tube; it gives a blue and ultraviolet luminescence.
Calculation

See
Load distribution calculation

Calendering
A thin layer of rubber inside the Tire casing which covers the carcass cords to protect them from moisture and to protect the tube from chafing by the cord body. In tubeless tires, calendering consists of a layer of air proof Butyl rubber.
Caliber
Also spelled calibre
  1. The internal diameter or bore of a pipe, esp. the barrel of a fire-arm.
  2. The arrangement of the various components of a watch or clock.
Calibrate
  1. As applied to test instruments it is the procedure of adjusting the dial Needle to the correct zero or load setting to determine accurate measurements.
  2. Position indicators to determine accurate measurements
Calibrated airspeed
(CAS) In automobiles, speed is calculated by the rotation of the driving axle. In an airplane, however, speed is determined by the amount of air rushing past the plane. In a turn, air will rush past faster on one side than the other. Calibrated airspeed makes adjustment for this factor (called position error) and for any error in the instrument. Also called rectified airspeed
Calibration
Marking the measuring units on an instrument or checking their accuracy
Calibration assembly
A memory module that plugs into an on-board computer and contains instructions for engine operation
Calibration oil
Oil which is used in a tester for checking injection nozzles, meeting SAE J967D specifications
Calibration Unit

See
Engine Calibration Unit

Calibre

See
Caliber

California Air Resources Board
(CARB) The state agency that regulates the air quality in California. Air quality regulations established by CARB are often stricter than those set by the federal government.
California Low-Emission Vehicle Program
State requirement for automakers to produce vehicles with fewer emissions than current EPA standards. The five categories of California Low-Emission Vehicle Program standards from least to most stringent are TLEV, LEV, ULEV, SULEV, and ZEV.
California Pilot Program
Federal program, administered by the EPA under the Clean Air Act, which sets lower emission standards (relative to cars in the general U.S. market) for a set number of new passenger cars and light trucks sold in California. The program specified that at the beginning of 1996, there would be the sale of 150,000 clean vehicles in the state. Beginning in 1999, this was to increase to 300,000 annually. California must mandate availability of any fuel necessary to operate clean fuel vehicles.
California Power Exchange
A State-chartered, non-profit corporation which provides day-ahead and hour-ahead markets for energy and ancillary services in accordance with the power exchange tariff. The power exchange is a scheduling coordinator and is independent of both the independent system operator and all other market participants.
California top
A solid top with sliding glass windows on a touring car to replace the standard folding top in order to provide better weather protection.
California wheel
A name given to a spoked wheel produced by particular manufacturer. Although the wheel is popular in the East and Midwest of United States, it is not common in California or other Western states.
Caliper
  1. Caliper

    Caliper

    The clamping device on Disc brakes which straddles the rotating disc and by hydraulic action it presses the pads against the disc to stop or slow the vehicle.

    Also See
    Brake caliper
    Floating caliper disc brake
    Fixed Caliper
    Four Piston Caliper
    Low-drag Caliper
    Single-piston Caliper
    Sliding Caliper
    Pin slider caliper disc brake
    Swinging caliper


  2. Bicycle Caliper

    Bicycle Caliper

    On Bicycles, the brake arms that reach around the sides of a wheel to press Brake pads against the wheel rim.
  3. Caliper

    Caliper

    (British spelling is calliper). An adjustable measuring tool that is placed around (Outside caliper) or within (Inside caliper) an object and adjusted until it just makes contact. It is then withdrawn and the distance measured between the contacting points.

    Also See
    Dial caliper
    Digital caliper
    Inside Caliper
    Inside spring caliper
    Machinists' caliper
    Outside Caliper
    Outside spring caliper
    Pocket caliper
    Pocket slide caliper
    Vernier caliper


Caliper disc

See
Floating caliper disc brake
Pin slider caliper disc brake

Caliper disc brake

See
Floating caliper disc brake
Pin slider caliper disc brake

Caliper gauge
A Caliper (definition #3)
Caliper mounting bracket
The component that connects a brake caliper to the steering knuckle, hub carrier, or rear axle
Calk
To fill seams in a wood deck with oakum or hammer the adjoining edges of metal together to stop leaks. Also spelled caulk
Calking

See
Caulking

Call

See
Close call

Call Distribution

See
Automatic Call Distribution

Calliper
Alternate spelling for Caliper
Cal-look
A style modification of small vehicles which first started in California. Most of the chrome is removed and the vehicle is painted a bright color like yellow, light blue, and red.
Call-out
The mobilization of plow operators to initiate snow and ice control activities
Calorescence
The absorption of radiation of a certain wavelength by a body, and its re-emission as radiation of shorter wavelength. The effect is familiar in the emission of visible rays by a body which has been heated to redness by focusing infrared heat rays onto it.
Calorie
Two different calorie units are used by scientists. The calorie used by medical science is a small heat unit. It equals the heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree Celsius. The calorie used by engineering science is a large heat unit. It is equal to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water one degree C. In the SI system it is recommended that the Joule unit of energy be used in place of the calorie
Calorific value
A measure of heating value of fuel. Amount of heat produced by the complete combustion of a unit weight of fuel. Usually expressed in calories per gram or BTU's per pound, the latter being numerically 1.8 times the former.
Calorimeter
An instrument to measure amount of heat given off by a substance when burned

Also see
Bomb Calorimeter

CAM
Acronym for Computer Aided Manufacturing
Cam
  1. A designed bump on a shaft or Disc which causes a rocking motion in an adjacent part.

    Also See
    Camshaft

  2. A metal Disc with irregularly shaped lobes used in the Camshaft to activate the opening and closing of the valves and in the Distributor, to force the points to open.
  3. A stepped or curved eccentric wheel mounted on a rotating shaft. As a cam is turned, objects in contact with it are raised or lowered.
  4. The triangular piece of metal that fits between the rollers on rollercam bicycle brakes and moves the brake arms when the brake lever is squeezed
  5. A colloquial name for the Camshaft.
  6. A name for the Breaker cam.

Also See
Adjuster cam
Adjusting Cams
Barrel Cam
Breaker Cam
Closing cam
Distributor cam
Double overhead cam
Exhaust cam
Face Cam
Fast idle cam
Floating cam
Full Cam
Inlet cam
Intake cam
Race Cam
Semi-race Cam
Single Overhead Cam
Single-overhead cam
Three-quarter Cam

Cam-and-lever steering
A steering system in which a conical peg mounted on a lever engages in a helically cut groove on a cylindrical drum. Also called cam-and-peg steering
Cam-and-peg steering

See
Cam-and-lever steering

Cam-and-roller steering
A steering system in which a tapered disc or a set of discs or rollers engage with a helically cut, tapered groove on a cylindrical drum
Cam angle

See
Dwell

Camaro
Camaro

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Camaro

A series of Pony cars from the Chevrolet division of General Motors produced from 1967 to 2002. It is often misspelled as Camero because of a mispronunciation. It should be pronounced ka-MAH-roh, not ka-MERR-oh. The 1967-69 SS/RS V-8 and Z-28 models are Milestone cars.
Cam belt

See
Timing belt

Camber
  1. The rise of a deck of a ship, Athwartship
  2. Camber

    Camber

    A wheel Alignment adjustment of the inward or outward tilt on the top of the wheel when viewed from the front of the vehicle. Tipping the top of the wheel center line outward produces Positive camber. Tipping the wheel center line inward at the top produces Negative camber. When the camber is positive, the tops of the tires are further apart than the bottom. Correct camber improves handling and cuts tire wear. Camber is measured in degrees.

Cambered axle
An axle that has a slight arch which curves upward at the center so that the wheels can tilt outward at the top. In this way it is better than an axle which might sag under load.
Camber thrust
The side force generated when a tire rolls with Camber. Camber thrust can add to or subtract from the side force a tire generates.
Cam bolt
A bolt fitted with an eccentric that will cause parts to change position when the bolt is turned.
Cam chain
A Timing chain which controls the overhead camshaft.
Cam design

See
Cam profile

Camel
A padded fender to keep a vessel away from a pier or quay to prevent damage to the hull or pier
Camelback
Uncured retread rubber in crescent shape, available in various widths and depths according to size and type of tire being retreaded.

Also See
Die size

Camelbak®
Camelbak

Camelbak

A brand name for a hydration pack that fits on the back of a cyclist or hiker. It is filled with water and has a tube placed within reach for supplying water for the user.
Camel Grand Touring Prototype
(GTP) An International Motorsports Association's (IMSA) premier racing category until 1993 when it was replaced by the controlled cars World Sports Car Championship. GTP cars were the most powerful and the fastest on most road racing circuits in North America at that time. Over the years, many automakers fielded factory teams in this series including Ford, Toyota, Jaguar, Nissan, and Porsche.
Cam engine

See
Overhead camshaft

Camera
Trucker slang for Police radar unit as in "There's a local yokal with a camera just ahead."

Also see
Boys Camera
Automatic Camera

Camero

See
Camaro

Cam face
The surface of a cam lobe
Cam follower
Tappet

Cam Follower

The unit that contacts the end of the Valve stem and the Camshaft. The follower rides on the Camshaft and when the Cam lobes move it upward, it opens the valve. Also called Valve lifter or tappet.
Cam grind
  1. A type of brake shoe arcing that produces a lining thinner at its ends than at its center.
  2. The intake and exhaust timing of a particular cam profile.
Cam ground piston

See
Cam-ground piston

Cam-ground piston
A Piston with a Skirt that is ground slightly egg-shaped or oval-shaped. The widest diameter of the skirt is at right angles to the piston-pin axis. When it is heated, it becomes round. The design allows for a closer fit in the Cylinder so that there is a reduction of Blowby gas, cylinder scuffing, and Piston slap.
Cam heel
The lowest point of a cam opposite the lobe. Also called Base circle
Cam lobe

See
Cam lobes

Cam lobes
The bumps on a camshaft that contact and activate such devices as the Lifters, which operate the valves, and the Rubbing block, which causes the points to open and close, as the cam spins with the Distributor shaft.
Cam lubricator
A device, often in the form of a wick, for lubricating the contact breaker cam in the distributor
Campaigning
Racing a particular vehicle for an entire season.
Camper
Camper

Camper

A structure which fits into a truck bed for camping purposes. It usually has beds and possibly cooking and washing facilities. Also called a Truck camper or slide-in camper.

Also See
Slide-in Camper
Truck Camper


Camping

See
Folding camping trailer

Camping trailer
A trailer containing camping equipment.

Also See
Folding camping trailer
Soft-top trailer
Hard-top trailer
Trailer

Cam profile
The shape of each lobe on a Camshaft. These shapes determine when the valves open or close.
Cam pulley holder
Cam Pulley Holder

Click image to supersize
Cam Pulley Holder

A tool for securing the camshaft when other adjustments are being made.
Cam/rocker

See
Opening cam/rocker

Cam/rocker

See
Opening cam/rocker

Cam roller
Rotating wheel acting as a cam follower
Camry
Camry

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Camry

A model of automobile manufactured by Toyota

Camshaft
Camshaft

Camshaft

A shaft with Cam lobes (bumps) which is driven by gears, a belt, or a Chain from the Crankshaft. The lobes push on the Valve lifters to cause the valves to open and close. The camshaft turns at half the speed of the Crankshaft.

Also See
Double-overhead cam
Exhaust camshaft
Inlet camshaft
Intake camshaft
Overhead camshaft
Race camshaft
Three-quarter race camshaft
Single Overhead Camshaft
Single-overhead camshaft
Twin camshaft


Camshaft bearing
Usually a plain bearing which supports the camshaft
Camshaft drive
A connection between the crankshaft and camshaft by means of gears, chain, drive belt, shaft, or eccentric shaft to maintain the ratio of 12.
Camshaft drive belt
A Timing belt
Camshaft drive sprocket
A sprocket attached to a crankshaft (either at one end or somewhere in the middle) which drives the camshaft with the use of a chain
Camshaft end play
The amount of lateral movement of the camshaft once it is installed
Camshaft engine

See
Twin camshaft engine

Camshaft gear
A gear that is used to drive the Camshaft.
Camshaft housing
That part of the engine which encloses the camshaft and often other parts of the valve train.
Camshaft journal
That part of the camshaft that runs in one of its bearings
Camshaft position sensor
(CMP) A sensor that signals to the (ECU) the rotational position of the camshaft. This enables the computer to more precisely time the fuel injection and ignition system for faster starting of the engine.
Camshaft pulley
The pulley on the end of the camshaft for the camshaft drive belt
Camshaft sensor
  1. A sensor that signals to the (ECU) the rotational position of the camshaft. This enables the computer to more precisely time the fuel injection and ignition system for faster starting of the engine.
  2. A trigger device found on some distributorless ignition systems that synchronizes when the proper ignition coil should be fired.
Camshaft sprocket
The sprocket on the camshaft which (through a chain) is driven by the Camshaft drive sprocket
Camshaft timing
The relationship between the opening and closing of the valves and the movement of the pistons must be coordinated. The camshaft which operates the valves must therefore turn in relation to the crankshaft by means of a timing belt or timing chain.
Camshaft timing belt
The rubber belt that transfers power from the crankshaft to the camshaft to operate it. The belt must be installed so it maintains the relationship between the camshaft and crankshaft so the valves for each cylinder open and close at the right time for proper engine operation, a factor called camshaft timing
Camshaft timing chain
The metal chain that transfers power from the crankshaft to the camshaft to operate it. The chain must be installed so it maintains the relationship between the camshaft and crankshaft so the valves for each cylinder open and close at the right time for proper engine operation, a factor called camshaft timing
Can
  1. A tube in a canned motor pump which insulates the motor winding.
  2. A muffler.
  3. A container for liquid or other substances.

    Also See
    Safety Can
    Tin Can
    Oil can

Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement
(FTA) Implemented in January 1989 to eliminate all tariffs on U.S. and Canadian goods by January 1998 and to reduce or eliminate many non-tariff barriers.
Canadian Automotive Repair and Service Council
(CARS) A not-for-profit organization established to serve the human resource and training needs of the Canadian car and truck repair and service industry.
Canadian cross border shopping
Cross border shopping describes the purchasing by Canadian consumers of products in the United States. Of particular interest is the decision by these buyers to obtain their products in the U.S., even though similar products are available in the Canadian market.
Canadian Deuterium Uranium Reactor
(CANDU) Uses heavy water or deuterium oxide (D2O), rather than light water (H2O), as the coolant and moderator. Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen that has a different neutron absorption spectrum from that of ordinary hydrogen. In a deuterium-moderated-reactor, fuel made from natural uranium (0.71 U-235) can sustain a chain reaction.
Canadian Environmental Protection Act
(CEPA) act where the goal is pollution prevention and protection of Canadians from toxic substances.
Canadian Gas Association
(CGA) A trade organization representing all segments of the gas industry in Canada. Founded in 1907, it specifically represents distributors, transmission companies, producers, pipeline contractors, manufacturers and allied service organizations. CGA set up a standards writing, inspection and product certification program in the mid 1950's at a time when natural gas was being extended to Eastern Canada and the West Coast. CGA has been accredited by the National Standards Council of Canada to prepare National Standards of Canada in the area of equipment for use with natural gas and propane.
Canadian Standards Association (CSA)
The organization that sets safety standards for electric motors and other electrical equipment used in Canada
Canadian Value Added

See
Auto Pact Canadian Value Added

Cancellation

See
Noise cancellation

Candela
(cd) A basic unit of luminous intensity. If, in a given direction, a source emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 x 1012 Hz, and the radiant intensity in that direction is 1/683 watt per Steradian, then the luminous intensity of the source is 1 candela.
Candle

See
Candle power.

Candle power
A measurement of the light producing ability of a light Bulb.
Candlestick barriers
Plastic poles used to channel traffic. Normally used in long-term traffic control in lieu of orange drums in tight construction areas.
CANDU
Acronym for Canadian Deuterium Uranium Reactor
Candy apple paint
A bright color (usually red) paint (often with metal flakes) with a transparent clear coat
Candy paint
A bright color (usually red) paint (often with metal flakes) with a transparent clear coat
Candy store
An automobile dealership with lots of vehicle inventory.
Canister
A small metal box or can. Usually refers to a container in an emission control system that contains charcoal to trap fuel vapors from the fuel system

Also See
Activated carbon canister
Charcoal canister

Canister air filter
A Centrifugal force air filter
Canister purge shut-off valve
(CPSOV) a vacuum-operated valve that shuts off canister purge when the air injection diverter valve dumps air downstream
Canister purge solenoid
An electrical solenoid that opens the canister purge valve between the fuel vapor canister line and the intake manifold when energized
Canister purge valve
Valve used to regulate the flow of vapors from the evaporative canister to the engine
Canned motor pump
A glandless pump with a special type of submersible or canned motor, whose stator winding is insulated from the fluid pumped by a tube, the so-called can
Cannibalize
The action of removing good parts from one vehicle in order to put them into another vehicle.
Canning
The insertion of the catalyst element into the converter shell of a catalytic converter
Cannular combustion chamber
A gas turbine combustion system with individual flame tubes inside an annular casing.
Canonical assembly
Term used in statistical thermodynamics to designate a single assembly of a large number of systems
Canopy
  1. The transparent cover of a cockpit.
  2. The fabric (nylon, silk, or cotton) body of a parachute, which provides high air drag. Usually hemispherical, but may be lobed or rectangular in shape.
CANP
Acronym for canister purge solenoid that opens the fuel vapor canister to the intake manifold when energized
Cant
Slope of rail or road curve whereby outer radius is superelevated, to counteract centrifugal thrust of traffic.
Cant beam
Beams supporting the deck plating in the overhanging portion of the stern.
Canted deck
The flight deck of an aircraft carrier prolonged diagonally from one side of the ship, so that aircraft may fly off and land on without interference to or from aircraft parked at the bows. The British term is Angled deck
Cant frame
A frame connected at the upper end to the cant beams
Cantilever
An arm that projects from a source and supports cables.

Also See
Cantilever brake

Cantilever brake
  1. A bicycle Rim brake with pivoting arms mounted on Fork blades or Seatstays at or below rim level. The two brake arms are connected by a straddle cable with the brake cable attached to the midpoint of the straddle cable.
  2. A type of ATB brake characterized by having the two brake arms connected by a straddle cable with the brake cable attached to the midpoint of the straddle cable. This type of brake was used on ATB bicycles (as well as tandems, touring, and cyclocross bicycles) before the invention of the V-Brake
Cantilever brakes

See
Cantilever brake.

Cantilever bridge
A bridge formed of self-supporting projecting arms built outward from the piers and meeting in the middle of the span, where they are connected together.
Cantilever deck
A bridge where the deck slab is fixed above the main beams or trusses and is cantilevered beyond the outer beams or trusses.
Cantilever load
A load which tends to impose a radial force (perpendicular to the shaft axis) on an electric motor or gearmotor output shaft
Cantilever spring
  1. A leaf spring which is mounted upside down and attached to the vehicle at its mid-point. This system is no longer in use in modern vehicles.
  2. A Quarter-elliptic leaf spring
Cantrail
The Roof rail
Canvas top
The convertible top.
Canyon
A nuclear energy term for a long narrow space often partly underground with heavy shielding for essential processing of wastes from reactors.
Cap
  1. A protective round cover which is secured to something.
  2. A covering over the bed of a truck.
  3. The base of a light bulb which fits into a socket.
  4. Cleaner air package system for reducing the amount of unburned Hydrocarbons in the automobile Exhaust.

Also See
Battery cap
Bayonet cap
Bearing cap
Big-end cap
Breast Cap
Car cap
Cold cap
Distributor cap
Double cap nut
Dust cap
End cap
External mix air cap
Filler cap
Flip-top filler cap
Fuel cap
Full cap
Gas Cap
Hot cap
Hubcap
Idle Limiter Cap
Inner cap nut
Insulating cap
Internal mix air cap
Net cap cost
Oil filler cap
Orifice Cap
Outer cap nut
Pile caps
Plug cap
Pressure cap
Pressure-vacuum Cap
Radiator cap
Roto cap
Spark plug cap
Spindle cap
Top cap
Valve cap
Valve spring cap

Capable of being fueled
A vehicle is capable of being fueled by a particular fuel(s) if that vehicle has the engine components in place to make operation possible on the fuel(s). The vehicle does not necessarily have to run on the fuel(s) in order for that vehicle to be considered capable of being fueled by the fuel(s). For example, a vehicle that is equipped to operate on either gasoline or natural gas but normally operates on gasoline is considered to be capable of being fueled by gasoline and natural gas.
Capacitance (c)
  1. The property which opposes any change in Voltage in an electrical circuit. The property of a nonconductor by which it stores electrical energy when separated surfaces of the nonconductor are maintained at a difference of Potential. Capacitance is measured by the ratio of the charge induced to the potential difference and is proportional to the area of the conducting plates and the dielectric constant of the nonconducting material, and inversely proportional to the separation of the plates (mks unit farad).
  2. Property of a nonconductor (condenser or capacitor) that permits storage of electrical energy in an electrostatic field.
  3. Of an isolated conductor, the ratio of the total charge on it to its potential; C=Q/V.

Also See
Farad

Capacitance bridge
An ac bridge network for the measurement of capacitance.
Capacitance coupling
Interstage coupling through a series capacitance or by a capacitor in a common branch of a circuit.
Capacitance grading
Grading of the properties of a dielectric, so that the variation of stress from conductor to sheath is reduced. The inner dielectric has the higher permitivity. Ideally, the grading is continuous and the permittivity varies as the reciprocal of the distance from the center.
Capacitance integrator
Resistance-capacitance circuit whose output voltage is approximately equal to the time integral of the input voltage.
Capacitative load
Terminating impedance which is markedly capacitative, taking an ac leading in phase on the source emf, e.g., electrostatic loudspeaker.
Capacitative reactance
Impedance associated with a capacitor. Has a magnitude in ohms equal to the reciprocal of the product of the capacitance (in farads) and the angular frequency of the supply (in rads s-1). Also introduces a 90° phase angle such that the current through the device leads the applied voltage.
Capacities

See
Fluid capacities

Capacitive discharge
(CD) A type of Ignition system. It can be either all-electronic or Breaker point controlled. The primary power is drawn from the engine's Battery and put into the CD power supply, where it is changed from 12 volts Direct current to about 300 volts of pulsating Direct current that is stored in a Capacitor (Condenser). The release of this energy through the Coil is governed by a silicon-controlled Rectifier (SCR). When the SCR switch is closed, the Voltage stored in the Capacitor is supplied to the Coil, which acts as a voltage step-up Transformer boosting firing voltage to around 30,000 volts to fire the plugs.
Capacitive reactance
The opposition or resistance to an alternating current as a result of capacitance; expressed in ohms
Capacitor
  1. A device which gives Capacitance, usually consisting of conducting plates or foil separated by layers of a dielectric. A Potential difference applied across the plates induces a separation of charge centers in the dielectric, thus storing electrical energy.
  2. Type of electrical storage device used in starting and/or running circuits on many electric motors
  3. A device that, when connected in an alternating current circuit, causes the current to lead the voltage in time phase. The peak of the current wave is reached ahead of the voltage wave. This is the result of the successive storage and discharge of electric energy

Also See
Absorption capacitor
Air Capacitor
Blocking Capacitor
By-pass Capacitor
Ceramic Capacitor
Condenser
Ignition capacitor
Motor Capacitor

Capacitor Condenser

See
Dry Capacitor Condenser

Capacitor controlled electronic ignition

See
Electronic ignition system
Capacitive discharge

Capacitor discharge ignition (CDI)

See
Capacitive discharge

Capacitor modulator
Capacitor microphone, or similar Transducer, which, by variation in capacitance, modulates an oscillation either in amplitude or frequency
Capacitor motor
Single-phase induction motor with an auxiliary starting winding connected in series with a condenser (capacitor) for better starting characteristics.
Capacitor-resistance law
(C-R law) Law relating to exponential rise or decay of charge on capacitor in series with a resistor, and, by extension, to signal distortion on long submarine cables.
Capacitor start
Starting unit for electric motor using series capacitance to advance phase of current.
Capacitor-start motor
Motor which has a capacitor in the starting circuit
Capacitron

See
Band ignitor tube

Capacity
  1. The ability to contain or hold something.
  2. Maximum production attainable under normal conditions. With regard to normal conditions, the company's operating practices are to be followed with respect to the use of production facilities, overtime, workshifts, holidays, etc.
  3. The output of an electric motor or other electrical equipment.
  4. The volume of fluid which a pump can handle.
  5. A measure of the theoretical maximum amount of refrigeration-produced output, measured in tons or BTUs per hour
  6. Refrigeration rating system. Usually measured in BTU per hour or watts.
  7. Sometimes used to mean Capacitance

Also See
Ampere hour capacity
Battery capacity
Boiler Capacity
Breaking Capacity
Breathing capacity
Bunker Capacity
Carrying capacity
Charge Capacity
Energy
Engine capacity
Fuse
Maximum Regulation Capacity
Net capacity
Nominal capacity
Oxygen Storage Capacity
Passenger capacity
Ply rating
Rated capacity
Reserve capacity
Seating capacity
Specific Heat Capacity
Top off
Work capacity

Capacity load
  1. A trailer loaded to the maximum legal weight limit.
  2. A load in a trailer that has reached its maximum available amount
Capacity plan
A plan outlining the spaces available for fuel, Cargo, ballast, fresh water, etc, with guides on weight and volume for spaces at various drafts and displacements
Capacity rating

See
Rated capacity

Cap-and-pin type insulator
A special form of the Suspension insulator
Cap cost

See
Capitalized cost
Net cap cost


Cap cost reduction

See
Capitalized cost reduction

Cape chisel
A metal cutting chisel shaped to cut or work in channels or grooves
Capillarity
A phenomenon associated with surface tension, which occurs in fine bore tubes or channels.
Capillary
A tube with a very small bore used for temperature gauges
Capillary action
The property of a liquid to move into small spaces if it has the ability to wet these surfaces
Capillary tube
A tube usually gas-filled, with a precisely calibrated length and inside diameter, used to connect the remote bulb or coil to the expansion valve or thermostat. A tube with a very small bore used for temperature gauges. Also called Pressure sensing line
Capitalized

See
Net capitalized cost

Capitalized cost
The total price of the vehicle, in effect, its purchase price. In theory, the cap cost should equal the amount you would pay for the vehicle if you were purchasing the vehicle. When a lease is made, the dealer sells that vehicle to the leasing company (for the cap cost), which then leases the vehicle to you.

Also See
Net capitalized cost

Capitalized cost reduction
A fancy name for a cash down payment, money you pay up front that is applied to the final purchase price of a lease. A large cap cost reduction will, of course reduce the monthly payments, but it will also negate one of the big advantages of leasing. However, if you own your present car, you may be able to use it, as a trade-in, to satisfy the cap cost reduction to start the lease. Remember, you must pay sales tax on any cap cost reduction you make. Another source of capital cost reduction may be dealer or manufacturer participation. Dealers and manufacturers will sometimes lower the cap cost or offer a rebate that reduces the cap cost. A dealer or manufacturer cap cost reduction does lower your total out-of-pocket dollars, unlike a cap cost reduction that you must pay.
Capital expenditures
Expenditures to acquire or add to capital assets that will yield benefits over several accounting periods. Included are cost of procuring, construction, installing new durable plants, machinery and equipment where for replacement, addition or for lease or rent to other companies including subsidies.
Cap nut
Cap Nut

Cap Nut

A threaded nut that is closed (blind) at one end often with a dome or acorn-shaped top. It is used to protect the projecting threads or to protect a person from being hurt by the sharp edge of projecting threads. Also called box nut or dome nut.

Also See
Double cap nut
Inner cap nut
Outer cap nut


Capping
  1. Installing a new tread on a tire carcass.

    Also See
    Retread.

  2. Door molding or capping
Cap screw
A screw with a hexagon head, slotted head, square head, or socket head

Also see
Button socket head cap screw
Socket head cap screw

Capstan
  1. A stump with a vertical axis used for handling mooring and other lines.
  2. A vertical drum or spindle on which rope is wound, it is rotated by manpower or by a hydraulic or electric motor.
  3. Roller providing the constant speed drive in a magnetic tape recorder.
Capstan-head screw
A screw having a cylindrical head provided with radial holes in its circumference. It is tightened by a tommy bar inserted in these holes.
Capstan lathe
A lathe in which the tools required for successive operations are mounted radially in a tool-holder resembling a capstan; by revolving this, each tool in turn may be brought into position in exact location.
Capstan nut
A nut which is tightened in the same way as a Capstan-head screw
Capstan screw
A screw or bolt with a round head and one or more holes through it into which a bar may be inserted for securing or removing it
Capstan winch
A winch, generally mounted on or just behind the front bumper, usually run from an engagable extension to the engine crankshaft. The active component is usually a slowly revolving drum, about 15 cm in diameter, round which a rope may be wound to effect a winching operation. Has the advantage of being powered by the engine at idling speed and being a very low-stress unit that may be used all day without overheating or high electrical load.
Capstat
A wax-type thermostat at the base of the jet of a SU carburetor, which expands and reduces fuel flow when the underhood temperature rises.

Also See
Temperature compensator


Capsule

See
Altitude Correction Capsule
Vacuum capsule

Captive
Something that is permanently located in the desired position
Captive balloon
A balloon anchored or towed by a line. Usually the term refers only to spherical balloons. Special shapes (e.g., for stability) are called kite balloons
Captive finance company
A Leasing or finance company which is affiliated with an automobile manufacturer or distributor.
Captive import
An imported motor vehicle or part manufactured by another automaker usually for sale under the brand name of the importer.
Captive nut
A nut which fits into a cage and is welded in place. This is done where the nut is not easily accessible.
Captive Pallet
A pallet for the exclusive use of a particular facility or company
Captive refinery MTBE plants
MTBE production facilities primarily located within refineries. These integrated refinery units produce MTBE from Fluid Cat Cracker isobutylene with production dedicated to internal gasoline blending requirements.
Captive refinery oxygenate plants
Oxygenate production facilities located within or adjacent to a refinery complex.
Captive screw
Captive screw

Captive screw

A screw where the threads are a larger diameter than the shoulder
Capture
Any process in which an atomic or nuclear system acquires an additional particle. In a nuclear radiative capture process there is an emission of electromagnetic radiation only, e.g., the emission of gamma rays subsequent to the capture of a neutron by a nucleus.
Cap wrench
Cap wrench

Cap wrench

A cup-shaped tool used to fit on one end of an oil filter in order to install or remove the filter.
Car
  1. A wheeled vehicle such as an automobile, a section of a train, or a streetcar. The word is an abbreviation of Carriage -- a device to carry people or goods.
  2. In an airship, the part intended for the carrying of the load (crew, passengers, goods, engines, etc.). It may be suspended below, or may be inside the hull of envelope.

Also See
49-state car
Bubble car
Champ car
City car
classic car
Collector car
Compact car
Company car
Competition car
Concept car
Cult car
Cycle car
Donor car
Dream car
Edwardian car
Electric car
Estate car
Executive car
Family car
Fleet car
Formula Car
Forty-nine state car
Full-size car
Funny car
Ghost Car
Hybrid car
Intermediate car
Kit car
Large Passenger Car
Luxury car
Mass-produced car
Mid-size car
milestone car Society
milestone cars
Motor car
Multi-storey car park
New car dealer
Open car
Pace car
Parts car
Passenger car wheel
Passenger car
Pony car
Production car
Program cars
Recycling car
Shopping car
Solar car
Sports car
Stock car
Street car
Sun car
Super car
Touring car
Town car
Veteran car
Vintage car
Volume car

Car accident
A collision between two or more vehicles (or between a vehicle and a stationary object), whether the vehicles are cars or trucks. Some are minor like a Fender bender while others are Totalled.

Also See
Written off

Car alarm
A chime, bell, siren, or horn that sounds when a problem exists (e.g., door ajar, seat belt undone, lights on after engine is off, key left in ignition switch, unauthorized entry)
Caravan
  1. A group of vehicles (belonging to one organization) which follows after one another.
  2. A British term for camping trailer or a mobile home.
  3. The name of a minivan produced by Chrysler (Daimler-Chrysler) from 1983.

Also see
Hard-sided Caravan
Motor Caravan

Caravanning
A British term for traveling with a camping trailer
Carb
An abbreviation for Carburetor.
CARB
Acronym for California Air Resource Board -- The state agency that regulates the air quality in California. Air quality regulations established by CARB are often stricter than those set by the federal government.
Car banger
A British term for a person or organization which fakes a Car accident in order to defraud an insurance company
Car banging
The act of faking a Car accident in order to defraud an insurance company
Carbide
A binary compound of metals with carbon. Carbides of group IV to VI metals (e.g., silicon, iron, tungsten) are exceptionally hard and refractory. In group I and II, calcium carbide (ethynide) is the most useful.

Also See
Cementite
Silicon carbide

Carbide blade
A snowplow blade composed of a carbon compound that generally wears longer and requires less frequent changes than steel blades
Carbide precipitation
Carbon that breaks loose from its bond within the stainless solution when material is heated between 427° - 760°C. Under severe corrosive conditions, it can result in extra oxidation and surface corrosion.
Carbide tools
Cutting and forming tools used for hard materials or at high temperatures. They are made of carbides of tungsten, tantalium, and other metals held in a matrix of cobalt, nickel, etc., and are very hard with good compressive strength.
Carb kit
A collection of gaskets, O-rings, jets, etc. to rebuild a carburetor
Car blind
A curtain or pull-down covering for the backlight (i.e., rear window) to obscure the bright headlights of a following vehicle. Some are also used for side windows for privacy. It is generally illegal to use them on the driver's side window or the windshield.
Carbon
  1. The hard or soft, black deposits found in the Combustion chamber, on the plugs, under the rings, on and under the Valve heads, etc. Although it is not a metal, it is a good Conductor of electricity.
  2. An element which forms various kinds of steel when combined with iron. In steel, it is the changing carbon content which changes the physical properties of the steel. Adds strength to stainless steel, but also lowers corrosion resistance. The more carbon there is, the more chromium must be added, because carbon offsets 17 times its own weight in chromium to form carbides, thus reducing the chromium available for resisting corrosion.
  3. Carbon is used in a solid form as an electrode for arc welding, as a mold to hold weld metal, or for motor brushes.

Also See
Activated carbon
Degradable Organic Carbon
Elemental Carbon
High carbon steel
Low carbon steel
Medium carbon steel
Total Carbon

Carbon arc
An arc between carbon electrodes, usually limited to pure carbon rather than flame carbon electrodes
Carbon-arc lamp
Obsolete light source from the arc between carbon electrodes.
Carbon-arc welding
Arc welding carried out by means of an arc between a carbon electrode and the material to be welded.
Carbonate Fuel Cell

See
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell

Carbon black
A by-product of the petroleum industry used as a pigment and to give body in the manufacture of rubber products, both natural and synthetic. Carbon is the black residue from burning petroleum.
Carbon brush
A block of carbon to which a copper wire (or braided cable) is attached at one end and the other end rubs against a commutator, collector ring, or slip ring to transmit electricity
Carbon brush spring

See
Brush spring

Carbon build-up
A deposit of burned oil which collects in the combustion chamber on the top of the piston and the head. Too much carbon build-up can lead to an inefficient engine and sticky valves.
Carbon button

See
Carbon microphone

Carbon canister

See
Activated carbon canister

Carbon contact
In a switch, an auxiliary contact designed to break contact after and to make contact before the main contact to prevent burning of the latter; it is of carbon and designed to be easily removable.
Carbon-core leads
High tension wire going from the distributor to the coil or the spark plugs. Each wire has a core of carbon or graphite rather than copper wire to conduct the electricity. Carbon-core wire is not recommended for most small engines such as motorcycle engines.
Carbon dating
Dating method which uses the fact that atmospheric carbon dioxide contains a constant proportion of radioactive C14, formed by cosmic radiation. Living organisms absorb this isotope in the same proportion. After death it decays with a half-life of 5.57x10³ years. The proportion of C12 to the residual C14 indicates the period elapsed since death. Also called radiocarbon dating
Carbon deposits
The residue of carbon from burning fuel, which can clog grooves in pistons, combustion chambers, and valves, and cause engine hesitation and other operational problems
Carbon dioxide
(CO2) A colorless, odorless, non-toxic gas which is a product of breathing and the combustion process. Sometimes used as refrigerant. (Identified as Refrigerant #R-744)
Carbon dioxide equivalent
The amount of carbon dioxide by weight emitted into the atmosphere that would produce the same estimated radiative forcing as a given weight of another radiatively active gas.
Carbon dioxide laser
Laser in which the active gaseous medium is a mixture of carbon dioxide and other gases. It is excited by glow-discharge and operates at a wavelength of 10.6 μm. Carbon dioxide lasers are capable of pulsed output with peak power up to 100 MW or continuous output up to 60 kW.
Carbon-dioxide welding
Metal arc welding using CO2 as the shielding gas.
Carboned up
Covered with a thick deposit of carbon. In Britain it is called coked up
Carbon fiber
  1. A high-tech material favored in many motorcycle and bicycle applications because it is extremely strong, light and expensive. The distinctive look of carbon fiber has become trendy.
  2. Threadlike strands of pure Carbon that are strong and flexible. Carbon fiber can be bound in a plastic Resin matrix to form a strong Composite. It is light-weight and stronger than steel. Can also be spelled carbon fibre.
Carbon fibre
A high-tech material favored in many motorcycle applications because it is extremely strong, light and expensive. The distinctive look of carbon fiber has become trendy.

Also See
Carbon fiber.

Carbon filter
An air filter using activated carbon as a cleansing agent
Carbon fouling
The situation that occurs when the two electrical terminals of the spark plug are coated with carbon causing a reduction in efficiency leading to intermittent firing or complete failure.
Carbon gland
A type of gland used to prevent leakage along a shaft. It consists of carbon rings cut into segments and pressed into contact with the shaft by an encircling helical spring or Garter spring
Carbon intensity
The amount of carbon by weight emitted per unit of energy consumed. A common measure of carbon intensity is weight of carbon per British thermal unit (Btu) of energy. When there is only one fossil fuel under consideration, the carbon intensity and the emissions coefficient are identical. When there are several fuels, carbon intensity is based on their combined emissions coefficients weighted by their energy consumption levels.
Carbonitriding
A process of case hardening
Carbonization
The steeping of wool in a dilute solution of sulfuric acid, or its treatment by hydrochloric acid gas (dry process). This converts any cellulosic impurities into carbon dust and thereby facilitates their removal.
Carbonize
Building up of Carbon on objects such as Spark plugs, Pistons, Heads, etc.
Carbonized filament
Thoriated tungsten filament coated with tungsten carbide to reduce loss of thorium from the surface.
Carbonizing
Another term for Carburizing or reducing
Carbon knock
When there is a build-up of carbon in the combustion chamber, uncontrolled ignition will take place causing a knocking noise.
Carbon microphone
A microphone in which a normally DC energizing current is modulated by changes in the resistance of a cavity filled by granulated carbon which is compressed by the movement of the diaphragm. The diameter of the cavity is frequently very much less than that of the diaphragm, and it is then known as a carbon button.
Carbon monoxide
(CO) A deadly, colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas found in the engine Exhaust. Toxic even in relatively small concentrations. Formed by incomplete burning of Hydrocarbons. Thus at its greatest with a rich mixture.
Carbon pile voltage transformer
Variable electrical resistor made from disks or plates of carbon arranged to form a pile.
Carbon pin
A thin cylinder of carbon located in the distributor cap to transfer high tension electricity from the coil to the rotor to the high tension leads going to the spark plugs.
Carbon resistor
Negative temperature coefficient, non-inductive resistor formed of powdered carbon with ceramic binding material. Used for low-temperature measurements because of the large increase in resistance as temperature decreases.
Carbon Sequestration
  1. The absorption and storage of CO2 from the atmosphere by the roots and leaves of plants; the carbon builds up as organic matter in the soil.
  2. The fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide in a carbon sink through biological or physical processes.
Carbon steel
A steel whose properties are determined principally by the amount of carbon present and contains no other deliberate alloying ingredient except those necessary to ensure deoxidation and physical quality. Also called plain carbon steel.

Also See
High carbon steel
Low carbon steel
Medium Carbon Steel
Steel

Carbon tetrachloride
A liquid often used in fire extinguishers. The fumes are toxic -- avoid inhaling.
Carbon tracking
A trace of carbon found inside the distributor cap which leads away some electricity, thus causing the engine to misfire.
Carbon tracks
Fine lines from burned carbon (such as from oil film) that may be found in a distributor cap. Carbon tracks may cause engine misfire
Carbonyl powders
Metal powders produced by reacting carbon monoxide with the metal to form the gaseous carbonyl. This is then decomposed by heat to yield powder of high purity.
Carborundum
Trade name for Silicon carbide abrasives.
Carborundum wheel

See
Grinding wheel

Carboy
Large, narrow-necked container, usually of balloon shape, having a capacity of 201 or more.
Carbs
Abbreviation for Carburetors.

Also See
Dual carbs


Carburation
British term for Carburetion
Carburetion
The mixture of vaporized fuel and air in the proper proportions for combustion in an engine

Also see
Closed-Loop Carburetion

Carburetor
Carburetor

Click image to supersize
Carburetor

(Carb) Optionally spelled carburetter or carburettor. A device that Vaporizes fuel and mixes it with air in proper quantities and proportions to suit the varying needs of the engine. A Filter screens the air which is drawn into the carburetor. Here the Gasoline mixes with the air and this fuel vapor enters the Combustion chamber through the Intake valve where it is compressed and burned.

Also See
Air valve carburetor
Compound carburetor
Double-barrel carburetor
Downdraft carburetor
Downdraught Carburetor
Dual carbs
Dual carburetors
Feedback carburetor
Fixed-choke carburetor
Fixed-jet carburetor
Flood the carburetor
Four-barrel carburetor
HIF carburetor
Non-staged Carburetor
Sidedraft carburetor
Sidedraught Carburetor
Single-barrel carburetor
Slide carburetor
Staged Carburetors
Starting carburetor
Stromberg carburetor
SU carburetor
Tamperproof carburetor
Twin-choke carburetor
Twin barrel carburetor
Twin carburetors
Two-stage carburetor
Updraft carburetor
Variable-venturi carburetor
Weber Carburetor


Carburetor Actuator

See
Feedback Carburetor Actuator

Carburetor adapter
An adapter that is used to fit or place one type of Carburetor on an Intake manifold that may not be originally designed for it. Also used to adapt four-barrel Carburetors to two-barrel manifolds.
Carburetor air horn

See
Air horn

Carburetor barrel
The tube-like part of the vehicle through which air flows and is mixed with Vaporized fuel. The Choke butterfly valve is located at the top of the Carburetor barrel, and the Throttle valve is located at the bottom. Midway through, the barrel narrows, and this part is called the Venturi. Carburetors can have one, two, or four barrels.
Carburetor base
The lower part of the carburetor in which the throttle plate is located
Carburetor circuit
A series of passageways and units designed to perform a specific function Idle circuit, full power circuit, etc.
Carburetor circuits

See
Carburetor circuit

Carburetor cleaner
A petroleum solvent for cleaning the carburetor
Carburetor engine
A combustion engine which uses a carburetor instead of fuel injection.
Carburetor fuel bowl
A small fuel storage area in the carburetor, located at the carburetor fuel inlet. Also called the Float bowl because it contains the carburetor float
Carburetor fuel bowl vent
A vent on the Float bowl. It typically is connected to an Carbon canister, which absorbs vapors when the engine is off, and it also may be vented to the atmosphere when the engine is running.
Carburetor fuel filter
Carburetor fuel Filteer

Carburetor Fuel Filter

A filter made of pleated paper or sintered bronze that is mounted into the body of the carburetor at the float bowl fuel inlet. It is held in place by the fuel hose/pipe fittings. On some cars, a small In-line filter is screwed directly into the carburetor's fuel inlet. Also called an integral fuel filter.
Carburetor fuel inlet
A threaded fitting on the side of the carburetor to which tubing from the Fuel pump is connected. Fuel enters the carburetor at this point.
Carburetor icing
The formation of ice on the Throttle plate or valve during certain atmospheric conditions. As the fuel Nozzles feed fuel into the Air horn it turns to a vapor. This robs heat from the air and when weather conditions are just right (fairly cool and quite humid) ice may form.

Also See
Icing

Carburetor jet
A fitting (usually brass) located inside a carburetor that permits a measured amount of fuel which is mixed with air going into the combustion chamber. Some look like a small brass screw with a hole in the center; others look like a long wide needle with holes along the sides; others look like a thin tapered needle.
Carburetor kit
A collection of gaskets, O-rings, jets, etc. to rebuild a carburetor. Also called a carb kit.
Carburetor throat

See
Venturi

Carburetor venturi

See
Venturi

Carburetter
British spelling for Carburetor.
Carburettor

See
Carburetor

Car burglar
A person who steals object from a car, but does not steal the car itself.

Also See
Car thief


Carburization
The process of creating carbon steel by increasing the carbon content of steel to reach the desired degree of hardness
Carburizing
  1. A carburizing flame in welding terms is an oxygen-fuel gas flame with a slight excess of the fuel gas.
  2. A method of Case-hardening low carbon steel in which the metal component is heated above its ferrite-austenite transition in a suitable carbonaceous atmosphere. Carbon diffuses into the surface and establishes a concentration gradient. The steel can subsequently be hardened by quenching either directly or after re-heating to refine the grain structure. It is usually lightly tempered afterwards, producing a hard case over a tough core.
Car cap
A waterproof cover which encloses just the Greenhouse (i.e., the roof, windshield, side glass, and Backlight)
Car care product
One of several items for taking care of the outward finish of the car (i.e., cleaners, polish, wax, preservers) as well as the interior pieces (e.g., dash cleaners, upholstery cleaners and sealers)
Carcass
The primary structure of a tire body with its cords, plies, rim wires, etc. apart from the tread itself. Structurally the carcass should hold air and provide strength to the tire, but would not wear well without the tread.
Carcinogens
Chemicals and other substances known to cause cancer.
Car Club of America

See
Classic Car Club of America

Car cover
A cover which encloses the entire vehicle to protect the finish from the elements.
Car crash
A Car accident
Card
The graduated dial or face of a magnetic compass to which the card and needle are firmly connected.

See
File card brush

Cardan

See
Cardan joint.

Cardan joint
Cardan Joint

Cardan Joint

A type of Universal joint named after the Italian Cardan who developed the concept in the 16th century. In the 17th century, Robert Hooke of England developed and patented the conventional universal joint. Sometimes it is called the Cardan universal or the Hooke universal. It has two Yokes at right angles to each other.
Cardan mount
Type of gimbal mount used for compasses and gyroscopes.
Cardan shaft
A shaft with universal joints at each end
Cardan universal

See
Cardan joint

Card brush

See
File card brush

Car dealer

See
New car dealer
Used Car Dealer

Cardinal planes
In a lens, planes perpendicular to the principal axis, and passing through the cardinal points of the lens.
Cardioid
A heart-shaped curve with polar equation r=2a(1+cosθ). An epicycloid in which the rolling circle equals the fixed circle.
Cardioid directivity
Special shape of a directivity. It is produced by superimposing the fields of a monopole and a dipole, and has the shape of a cardioid.
Care product

See
Car care product

Car-floor contact
A contact attached to the false floor of an electrically controlled lift; it is usually arranged to prevent operation of the lift by anyone outside the car while a passenger is in the lift.
Cargo
Freight carried by a ship but the term is sometimes used for freight on a truck in place of shipment.

See
Bulk cargo
General cargo

Cargo area
The space within a station wagon or van for carrying goods or the bed of a pickup truck for carrying goods
Cargo battens
Strips of wood secured to the inside of the frame to keep the cargo away from steel sides of the hull or truck trailer bodywork. Also called sparring
Cargo Body Style Auto Carrier
A truck cargo body typified by the multi-decked auto carrier trailer and/or power unit.
Cargo Body Style Bottom Dump
Dry bulk truck bodies which empty by means of gravity alone through the bottom.
Cargo Body Style Dump
A truck body with a hydraulic, electric, or mechanical lifting mechanism that tilts to unload cargo. Dump includes side dumps, walking dumps, flatbed dumps, and dump trucks with snow plows or blades.
Cargo Body Style Flatbed
A cargo truck body style typified by a flat cargo area. Includes angle beds, rollback beds, and ramp hoists, which are flatbeds that tilt down to the ground so vehicles can be driven onto the bed.
Cargo Body Style Flatbed with Sides
A cargo truck body style typified by flatbeds with sides to hold and protect cargo.

Also see
stake body

Cargo Body Style Flatbed with Equipment
This cargo truck body style is typified by flatbeds with permanent cranes, loaders, pumps, winches, or other significantly heavy and large apurtenances.
Cargo Body Style Garbage
A cargo body style typified by garbage trucks that often have hydraulic packing mechanisms or hydraulic arms for lifting dumpsters. Included are roll-offs, vehicles used for transporting refuse containers. Roll-offs have rails or a flat bed and a hoist for loading and unloading the refuse container.
Cargo Body Style Livestock Carrier
A cargo truck body style typically with slotted or slatted sides. Trailers may have a double deck. Livestock trailers sometimes have "possum belly" compartments in the bottom for holding smaller animals.
Cargo Body Style Low Boy
Gooseneck flatbed trucks slung very low to the ground. Often the gooseneck is detachable so that equipment can be loaded from the front. Sometimes ramps are at the rear. Typically about 12" off the ground.
Cargo Body Style Open Top Van
A totally enclosed cargo area but without a permanent, fixed, solid top.
Cargo Body Style Pole Logging
Pole trailers with a set of axles with a cradle to hold logs and a long, sometimes adjustable pole attached to the rear of a power unit. Others are framed with support stakes. Some have double decks. Most will have cradle-like features called bunks to hold the logs in place.
Cargo Body Style Refrigerated Van
A cargo body style with a totally enclosed box with a refrigeration unit.
Cargo Body Style Tank Dry
A truck used exclusively for hauling dry bulk material. Cargo is emptied pneumatically. Also called air can trailer
Cargo Body Style Tank Liquid or Gas
A cargo body truck style characterized by tankers which can carry only liquids or gases in bulk.
Cargo Body Style Van
A totally enclosed cargo area truck. Included are beverage vans, or bay vans, and sealed shipping containers mounted on a special bodiless chassis.
Cargo Boom
Boom

Boom

A heavy, long pole with cables and pulleys used to lift and place cargo. Also called a crane
Cargo box
Cargo Box

Cargo Box

A type of container mounted on the roof of a vehicle
Cargo net
Cargo net

Cargo Net

A type of Bungee net usually found in the Trunk of a car to secure packages from moving around; but also found behind or beside a seat.
Cargo port
Opening in a ship's side for loading and unloading cargo.
Cargo shifting
Movements or changing positions of cargo from one place to another which can easily endanger the seaworthiness of the ship
Cargo ship

See
Dry cargo ship

Cargo trailer
Cargo Trailer

Cargo Trailer

A trailer with sides.
Cargo Weight
The combined weight of all loads, gear, and supplies on a vehicle.
Car Guide

See
NADA Used Car Guide

Carina
Carina

Click image for books on
Toyota Carina

A model of automobile manufactured by Toyota
Car insurance
An insurance policy (mandatory in most states and all of Canada) to cover possible damage to the vehicle or property or passengers, etc. Sometimes basic insurance is abbreviated PL&PD (public liability and property damage). Also called motor insurance
Car jacker
A person who steals a car at gunpoint.
Car jacking
A process of stealing a car while the driver is still in it. The car may be stopped at a traffic light when a car jacker appears with a gun and demands that the driver get out, then he drives away with the car. If it happens to you, give him the car -- your life is worth more than the vehicle.
Car key
An unlocking device for the ignition switch, doors, trunk, gas cap, etc.
Carload
(CL or C/L)
  1. The total amount of freight within a full railcar.
  2. The specified quantity of freight necessary to qualify for a carload rate.
Car lot
A place where vehicles are sold by an independent dealer
Car mechanic

See
Mechanic

Carnot cycle
An ideal heat engine cycle of maximum thermal efficiency. It consists of isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion, isothermal compression, and adiabatic compression to the initial state.
Carnot's theorem
Theorem stating that no heat engine can be more efficient than a reversible engine working between the same temperatures. It follows that the efficiency of a reversible engine is independent of the working substance and depends only on the temperatures between which it is working.
Carousel
A flat turntable (horizontal) or ferris-wheel-like (vertical) device which a picker uses to move product from the warehouse to those who are filling the orders.
Car park
A parking area usually located within a building.

Also See
Multi-storey car park

Carpeting
The action of covering the passenger compartment floor (and sometimes the trunk floor) with a form-fitting rug or carpet.
Car phone
A telephone that is installed in a vehicle, but has recently been replaced by personal cell phones.

Also See
Cellular phone


Car polish
A product which enhances the shine of the paintwork of a vehicle
Car Pool
HOV

HOV Car Pool Sign

A system where the use of a vehicle is shared by a number of riders going in the same direction. In some cases the same driver will use his vehicle and pick up the passengers along the way. The passengers reimburse the driver for his costs. In other cases each of the riders will take a turn at driving his own vehicle so that no one person is burdened with vehicle costs. The concept of the car pool is to reduce traffic, conserve fuel, and reduce the amount of parking space. Car pool vehicles are allowed to drive in the HOV lane designated by the diamond symbol.
Car radio
A radio receiver which is installed (usually in the dash) in a vehicle
Carrene
Refrigerant in Group One (R-11). Chemical combination of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine
Carriage
  1. A horse-drawn vehicle for people to ride in.
  2. A railroad vehicle for passengers.

Also see
Hackney Carriage
Invalid-carriages

Carriage bolt
Carriage Bolt

Carriage Bolt

A bolt that has a smooth dome head (like a mushroom) so that no Screwdriver or wrench can remove it from the dome-side, a square neck under the head, and a unified thread pitch. The square neck is designed to keep the bolt from turning as a nut is tightened.

Also see
Fin neck carriage bolt
Square Neck Carriage Bolt


Carriage spring

See
Laminated spring

Carriage-type switchgear

See
Truck-type switchgear

Carriageway
A British term for that part of the road on which vehicles travel in one direction.

Also see
Dual carriageway

Carrier
  1. A thin substance that helps another substance to reach its goal. For example, a spray grease may have a carrier which transports the grease to its destination. Then the carrier dries up leaving the grease behind.
  2. A real or imaginary particle responsible for the transport of electric charge in a material. In oxide ceramics, electrons hopping between ions, diffusing oxygen ions and mobile cations can also transport charge.

    Also See
    Carriers

  3. A device for conveying the drive of a face-plate of a lathe to a piece of work which is being turned between centers. It is clamped to the work and driven by a pin projecting from the face-plate.
  4. A frame for holding a negative in an enlarger or slides in a projector.
  5. Non-active material mixed with, and chemically identical to, a radioactive compound. Carrier is sometimes added to carrier-free material.
  6. A vehicle for communicating in formation, when the chosen medium itself cannot convey the information but can convey a carrier, on to which the information is impressed by Modulation.
  7. In radio transmission, the output of the transmitter before it is modulated.

    Also See
    Frequency modulation

  8. The frequencies chosen for sending many signals simultaneously along a single communication channel
  9. A transport company which takes goods from the shipping client (consignor) either to a central terminal and then to the receiving client (consignee) or directly to the receiving client. In some cases the goods are picked up, transported, and delivered in the same truck (usually by a local courier); but in most cases the goods are moved from the pick up truck to a terminal where it is united with other goods going in the same direction. This process may take place at several terminals until the goods are finally received by the consignee.

Also See
Authorized Carrier
Auto Carrier
Barge carriers
Bent-tail Carrier
Bicycle carrier
Bulk carrier
Carrier bearing
Common Carrier
Connecting Carrier
Contract carrier
Differential carrier
Exempt Carrier
For-Hire Carrier
Front Wheel Carrier
Hub carrier
Jet carrier
Livestock Carrier
LNG carrier
LTL Carrier
Luggage carrier
Minority Carrier
Motor Carrier
Ore-bulk-oil carrier
Ore carrier
Pinion carrier
Planet carrier
Private Carrier
Product carrier
Spare tire carrier
TL Carrier
Top Carriers

Carrier bearing
The bearings upon which the Differential case is mounted.
Carrier bearings

See
Carrier bearing.

Carrier mobility
The mean drift velocity of the charge carriers in a material per unit electric field.
Carrier noise
Noise which has been introduced into the carrier of a transmitter before modulation.
Carrier, pinion

See
Pinion carrier.

Carrier, planet

See
Planet carrier.

Carrier power
Power radiated by a transmitter in absence of modulation.
Carriers
In a crystal of semiconductor material thermal agitation will cause a number of electrons to dissociate from their parent atoms; in moving about the crystal they act as carriers of negative charge. Other electrons will move from neighboring atoms to fill the space left behind, thus causing the holes where no electrons exist in the lattice to be transferred from one atom to another. As these holes move around they can be considered as carriers of positive charge.

Also See
Barge carriers
Top carriers

Carrier Transmission

See
Quiescent Carrier Transmission

Carrier wave
An unmodulated radio wave produced by a transmitter on which information is carried by amplitude or frequency modulation.
Carrosserie
French term for Coachwork.
Carrozzeria
Italian term for Coachwork.
Carrying capacity
The maximum load that a tire is allowed to carry with a particular wheel and rim. Also called load capacity.
CARS
Acronym for Canadian Automotive Repair and Service Council
Car society

See
milestone car Society

Carson top
A customizing procedure where an automobile roof that has been removed (usually when the car's cab is being lowered) and modified so that it becomes a one-piece removable unit to turn the car into a convertible. The top is often stored in the trunk and may be removed manually or by a series of electric or hydraulic motors.
Car sponge
A large sponge for washing the exterior of a vehicle
Car stands
Pedestal-type supports for holding up a car once the car has been raised.
Car stereo
A listening device in an automobile which usually has an AM/FM radio and often a cassette player, CD player, and/or CD changer. It also includes at least a pair of speakers.
Cart
A wagon with four wheels used in the vicinity of a warehouse to move freight between the warehouse and the truck. The advantage over a dolly is that more freight can be moved at one time. The cart may be pulled by a long tongue or be motorized.

See
Tool cart

Cartage
  1. The charge for the pickup and delivery of goods
  2. The act of moving goods (usually short distances)
Cartage company
A company that provides local pick-up and delivery within a town, city, or municipality.
Car tax
A government imposed tax which is added to the price of a new car. Some governments charge a road-use tax and call it a car tax.
Car test
A test of a vehicle's roadworthiness, reliability, and performance.
Car theft
Unauthorized removal (i.e., stealing) of a car or the items in or on a car.

Also See
Car jacking

Car thief
A person who steals a car. If someone steals just the objects from a car, he is a Car burglar.

Also See
Car jacker

Car tire
An automotive tire which is used exclusively on a passenger car, not a light truck, etc.
Cartography
The preparation and drawing of maps which show, generally, a considerable extent of the Earth's surface.
Carton
A single packaged product, usually in a cardboard box
Cartridge

See
Burst Cartridge
Can
Filter cartridge
Oil filter cartridge
Quarter-inch Cartridge

Cartridge bottom bracket
A Bottom bracket with protective seals to keep water and grime from penetrating to the bearings. Also called sealed bottom bracket
Cartridge brass
Copper-zinc alloy containing approximately 30% zinc. Possesses high ductility; capable of being heavily cold-worked. Widely used for cold pressings, cartridges, tubes, etc.

Also see
Copper alloy.

Cartridge starter
A device for starting aero-engines in which a slow-burning cartridge is used to operate a piston or turbine unit which is geared to the engine shaft.
Cart spring
A leaf spring used in small trailers.
Car types
Automobiles can be divided into several groups based on design, technology, rarity, and age. However a particular vehicle can bridge a number of these categories.

Also see Antique Car
Brass Car
classic cars
Custom Car
Dragster
Grand Tourer
Hot Hatch
Hot Rod
Lowrider
Milestone
cars Muscle Car
Pony Car
Roadster
Spyder
Supercar
Veteran Car
Vintage Car

Carvac
A small, hand-held vacuum cleaner which is either battery-operated or which is plugged into the accessory outlet or cigarette lighter socket.
Car wash
  1. A place where you can get your car cleaned. Some are automatic (you drive through and large brushes clean the car) while others provide a bay with spray wands and brushes for you to do the labor.

    Also See
    Automatic car wash

  2. A product like soap which is added to water for the purpose of cleaning a vehicle.
Car wax
A polish which may be in a paste or a cream and used in protecting the finish of a car.
Car wheel

See
Passenger car wheel

CAS
  1. Acronym for cleaner air system
  2. Acronym for crank angle sensor
Cascade
The arrangement of stages in an enrichment or reprocessing plant in which the products of one stage are fed either forward to the next closely similar or identical stage or backward to a previous stage, eventually resulting in two more or less pure products at each end of the cascade. The classic examples are gaseous or centrifugal enrichment plants. An ideal cascade is the arrangement of stages in series and in parallel which gives the highest yield for a given number of units (e.g., centrifuges) and a given separation factor.
Cascade generator
High-voltage generator using a series of voltage-multiplying stages, esp. when designed for X-ray tubes or low-energy accelerators.
cascade particle
Particle formed by a cosmic ray in a Cascade shower
Cascades
Fixed airfoil blades which turn the airflow around a bend in a duct, e.g., in wind tunnels or engine intakes.
Cascade shower
Manifestations of cosmic rays in which high-energy mesons, protons, and electrons create high-energy photons, which produce further electrons and positrons, thus increasing the number of particles until the energy is dissipated. Also called air shower.
Cascade systems
Arrangement in which two or more refrigerating systems are used in series; uses evaporator of one machine to cool condenser of other machine. Produces ultra-low temps
Cascading of insulators
Flashover of a string of suspension insulators; initiated by the voltage across one unit exceeding its safe value and flashing over, thereby imposing additional stress across the other units, and resulting in a complete flashover of the string.
Case
  1. That part near the surface of a ferrous alloy which as been so altered as to allow case-hardening.
  2. One of the two clam-shell-like halves in the bottom end of the engine surrounded by a metal shell

Also See
Basket case
Battery case
Chaincase
Converter case
Differential case
Open Display Case
Splitting The Cases
Top case
Transfer case

CASE
Acronym for Cranking Angle Sensing Error
Case harden
The action of hardening the surface of iron or steel so that the outer portion or case is made substantially harder than the inner portion or core. Typical processes used for case hardening are carburizing, cyaniding, carbonitriding, nitriding, induction hardening, and flame hardening.
Casehardened
A piece of steel that has had the outer surface hardened while the inner portion remains relatively soft.
Casehardening
The action of adding carbon to the surface of a mild steel object and heat treating to produce a hard surface.
Case Mark
Information usually in printed sticker attached to the outside of a shipping carton which includes destination and contents.
Cases
The two clam-shell-like halves in the bottom end of the engine surrounded by a metal shell
Cash and carry
Kerosene, fuel oil, or bottled gas (tank or Propane) purchased with cash, by check, or by credit card and taken home by the purchaser. The purchaser provides the container or pays extra for the container.
Cash Before Delivery
(CBD) A shipping term where the seller has received payment before shipping. It contrasts with cash on delivery (COD)
Cash On Delivery
(COD) A shipping term where the receiver must pay the price of the goods to the carrier at the time of delivery and may refuse reception. Contrasts with Cash before delivery (CBD)
Cash register
Trucker slang for Toll booth as in "I'm comin' up on a cash register at highway 88"
Cash value

See
Actual cash value

Casing
  1. The Tire casing.
  2. The outside shell of something such as the shell of an alternator or starter motor.

Also See
Axle casing
Differential casing
Tire Casing
Turbine casing
Volute casing

Casing Bulkheads
  1. Walls enclosing portion of a vessel, such as the boiler room casing.
  2. A covering for parts of machinery.
Casing factor
That portion of the load supported by Tire casing stiffness instead of air pressure.
Casing head gasoline
A term used to describe the lighter parts of petroleum products, which were obtained from natural gasoline by condensing natural gas from an oil well
Cask

See
Flask

Casket

See
Flask

Cassette
  1. A type of bicycle gear cluster that slides on a freehub rather than threads on it. The freehub body is attached to the rear hub.
  2. A cartridge containing magnetic tape that can be inserted into a player for listening or viewing (e.g., an audio cassette or video cassette).
Cassette cogs
The individual cogs that make up a bicycle cassette.
Cassette compartment
A storage place for audio cassettes
Cassette Deck

See
Radio cassette Deck

Cassette hub
More recent type of rear hub designed to accept the cassette type of gear cluster. The cassette hub has the rotating, ratcheting freehub body attached to the hub for the cassette to slide onto and be secured by a lockring.
Cassette player
A unit which plays (but does not record) audio cassettes and is often linked with a stereo unit in an automobile
Cassette size
The size of a bicycle cassette is described by the number of teeth on the smallest cog and the number of teeth on the largest cog. An example of a common size for road racing would be 12 x 21.
Cast
  1. To shape molten metal by pouring it into a mold.
  2. A model or result made by pouring metal into a mold.

Also See
Cast iron
Casting
Die cast

Cast Aluminum wheel
Aluminum wheel

Cast Aluminum Wheel

See
Alloy wheel


Castellate
Formed to resemble a castle battlement e.g., a Castellated nut
Castellated

See
Castellated nut.

Castellated nut
Castellated Nut

Castellated Nut

A nut with several lugs protruding from one end making it look like the turrets on the top of the wall of a castle. This nut is used on a shaft with a hole drilled in it. It is secured to the shaft by passing a Cotter pin through an opening in the nut and through the shaft hole.
Caster
  1. A small wheel at the front of a wheelchair or shopping cart that swivels and is tilted at an angle.

    Also See
    Swivel caster

  2. Caster

    Caster

    A wheel Alignment adjustment that positions the wheels like the casters on a chair or shopping cart, so the tires follow naturally in a forward straight line. In a truck or older car, the top of the Kingpin is either forward (Negative) or toward the rear of the vehicle (Positive). On a turn, the wheels will tend to straighten out when the Steering wheel is released. If the car has independent front suspension, the upper ball joint is set forward or rearward in relation to the lower ball joint. Caster is measured in degrees.

Also See
Negative Caster
Positive Caster
Trail distance

Caster action
The self-centering action which causes a caster wheel to move into a straight-ahead position.
Caster angle
The inclination or angle that a wheel makes when measuring the distance between the vertical post and the offset of the wheel placement.
Caster offset
The distance on the ground between where the vertical post would touch the ground if it were extended and the point where the wheel touches the ground. Also called caster trail
Caster trail
The distance on the ground between where the vertical post would touch the ground if it were extended and the point where the wheel touches the ground. Also called caster offset
Caster wobble
A condition generally produced in the front wheels when they are attached to the ends of a Beam axle. It is particularly noticeable on rough roads and the Shimmy at the Steering wheel makes it difficult to control the vehicle. You have probably seen this condition in a shopping cart that has caster wheels that wiggle or fluctuate back and forth and will not roll in a straight line.
Cast holes
Holes made in cast objects by the use of cores, in order to reduce the time necessary for machining, and to avoid metal wastage.
Casting
Casting

Click image to supersize
Casting

  1. A process technology that delivers a liquid molten metal into a purpose-built mold. After cooling, the solid metal surface has the shape of the mold cavity.
  2. Pouring metal into a Mold to form an object.
  3. A metallic article cast in the shape required, as distinct from one shaped by working.

Also See
Blown Casting
Die casting
Lost-foam casting process
Malleable castings
Monobloc casting
Sand casting
Steel Casting
Thin-wall casting


Casting copper
Metal of lower purity than Best selected copper. Generally contains about 99.4% of copper.
Casting ladle
A steel ladle, lined with refractory material, in which molten metal is carried from the furnace to the mold in which the casting is to be made.
Casting number
The number cast into a block, head, or other component when the part is cast. Casting numbers can be helpful when identifying an engine or its parts, but they are not completely accurate, because castings are sometimes machined differently
Casting process

See
Lost-foam casting process

Castings
Metallic forms which are produced by pouring molten metal into a shaped container or mold.

Also See
Malleable castings


Casting wheel
Large wheel on which ingot molds are arranged peripherally and filled from stream of molten metal issuing from furnace or pouring ladle.
Cast-in-situ concrete piles
A type of pile formed by driving a steel pipe into the ground and filling it with concrete, using the pipe as a mold, or by a similar method.
Cast iron
  1. An Alloy of iron and more than 2% Carbon. It is used for engine Blocks and Transmission and Differential cases because it is relatively cheap and easy to Mold into complex shapes.
  2. Any iron-carbon alloy in which the carbon content exceeds the solubility of carbon in austenite at the eutectic temperature. Widely used in engineering on account of their high fluidity and excellent casting characteristics. Carbon content usually in the range of 2-2.3%. Some kinds are brittle and others difficult to machine.

Also see
Alloy Cast-iron
Ductile cast-iron
Grey iron
Spherulitic graphite cast-iron

Cast-iron

See
Cast iron

Castle

See
Castellated nut.

Castle nut
Castle nut

Castle nut

A Castellated nut -- a six-sided nut in the top of which six radial slots are cut. Two of these line up with a hole drilled in the bolt or screw, a split pin can be inserted to prevent turning. Also called hex slotted nut
Castle section
A panel with humps or ribs which strengthen the panel. They are called castle because from the end they look like the turrets of a castle
Castor
British spelling of Caster.
Cast silicon
Crystalline silicon obtained by pouring pure molten silicon into a vertical mold and adjusting the temperature gradient along the mold volume during cooling to obtain slow, vertically advancing crystallization of the silicon. The polycrystalline ingot thus formed is composed of large, relatively parallel, interlocking crystals. The cast ingots are sawed into wafers for further fabrication into photovoltaic cells. Cast silicon wafers and ribbon silicon sheets fabricated into cells are usually referred to as polycrystalline photovoltaic cells.
Cast spoke assembly
That part of the vehicle consisting of the brake drum and wheel spider, having 3, 5 or 6 spokes.
Cast spoke wheel
  1. A type of dual mounting wheels where two demountable rims are mounted directly on the spoke wheel and drum assembly held apart by a spacer band and locked in place by clamps and nuts which attach to studs in the spoke face.
  2. A wheel with five or six spokes originating from a center hub. The spoked portion, usually made of cast steel, is bolted to a multiple-piece steel rim

Also see
Demountable Rim
Disc Wheel

Cast steel
Shapes that have been formed directly from liquid by casting into a mold. Formerly applied to wrought objects produced by working steel made by the crucible process to distinguish from that made by cementation of wrought-iron, but both of these methods are long obsolete.
Cast welded rail joint
A joint between the ends of two adjacent rails made in position using the thermite process in which aluminum powder and sodium peroxide are ignited causing the rails to weld together.
Cat
An abbreviation for Catalytic converter
Catadioptric
An optical system using a combination of refracting and reflecting surfaces designed to reduce aberrations in a telescope.
Catalan process
Reduction of haematite to wrought-iron by smelting with charcoal.
Catalog

See
Parts catalog

Catalog custom
A vehicle bodywork sold through an automaker's dealer catalog.

Also see
Series custom

Catalyst
  1. A substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being used up. Catalysts are used in many processes in the chemical and petroleum industries. Emission control catalysts are used to promote reactions that change exhaust pollutants from internal combustion engines into harmless substances. After the reaction it can potentially be recovered from the reaction mixture chemically unchanged.
  2. A special agent which is added to a plastic body filler or resin or paint to speed up the hardening process.

Also See
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
Lean NOx Catalyst
Metal catalyst
Oxidizing catalyst
Particulate catalyst
Pellet-type catalytic converter
Reducing catalyst
Three-way catalyst

Catalyst bed
A layer of catalyst-coated material such as pellets or ceramic in a catalytic converter through which the gases pass.
Catalyst charge
A catalyst-coated material such as pellets or ceramic in a catalytic converter.
Catalyst coated membrane
(CCM) Term used to describe a membrane (in a PEM fuel cell) whose surfaces are coated with a catalyst layer to form the reaction zone of the electrode.

See also
Membrane Electrode Assembly

Catalyst coating
A Catalytic layer
Catalyst container
A housing of a catalytic converter. Also called a converter shell
Catalyst contamination
A reduction of efficiency because of impurity deposits
Catalyst degradation
A reduction of efficiency because of impurities or overheating. Also called catalyst deterioration
Catalyst deterioration
A reduction of efficiency because of impurities or overheating. Also called catalyst degradation
Catalyst efficiency

See
Catalytic efficiency

Catalyst indicator
A light on the instrument panel which glows when a prescribed distance has passed in order to remind the driver to have the catalytic converter replaced.
Catalyst loading
The amount of catalyst incorporated in the fuel cell per unit area.
Catalyst substrate
A base material which carries the Catalytic layer or coating. Also called catalyst support
Catalyst support
A base material which carries the Catalytic layer or coating. Also called catalyst substrate
Catalytic

See
Catalytic converter
Dual-bed catalytic converter
Mini catalytic converter
Open-loop catalytic converter
Pellet-type catalytic converter
Primary catalytic converter
Three-way catalytic converter

Catalytic activity
The rate a catalytic converter purifies the exhaust system
Catalytic converter
Catalytic converter

Catalytic converter

  1. A pollution-control device found on the Exhaust system of all cars since its introduction in 1974 which acts like an afterburner to reburn unburned gas in the tail pipe. It looks like a small muffler and is usually made of stainless steel. It contains platinum, rhodium, or palladium which is a catalyst for the chemical reaction needed to burn off any unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide by turning them into water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other less toxic gases.
  2. A device containing a Catalyst for converting automobile exhaust into mostly harmless products.

Also See
Dual-bed catalytic converter
Lean burn engine
Mini catalytic converter
Open-loop catalytic converter
Pellet-type catalytic converter
Primary catalytic converter
Single-bed 3-way catalytic converter
Three-way catalytic converter


Catalytic cracking
The refining process of breaking down the larger, heavier, and more complex hydrocarbon molecules into simpler and lighter molecules. Catalytic cracking is accomplished by the use of a catalytic agent and is an effective process for increasing the yield of gasoline from crude oil. Catalytic cracking processes fresh feeds and recycled feeds.
Catalytic efficiency
The effectiveness of a catalyst in purifying exhaust gases
Catalytic Fines
Hard, abrasive crystalline particles of alumina, silica, and/or alumina silica that can be carried over from the fluidic catalytic cracking process of residual fuel stocks. Particle size can range from sub-micron to greater than sixty (60) microns in size. These particles become more common in the higher viscosity marine bunker fuels.
Catalytic hydrocracking
A refining process that uses hydrogen and Catalysts with relatively low temperatures and high pressures for converting middle boiling or residual material to high octane gasoline, reformer charge stock, jet fuel, and /or high grade fuel oil. The process uses one or more Catalysts, depending on product output, and can handle high sulfur feedstocks without prior desulfurization.
Catalytic hydrotreating
A refining process for treating petroleum fractions from atmospheric or vacuum distillation units (e.g., naphthas, middle distillates, reformer feeds, residual fuel oil, and heavy gas oil) and other petroleum (e.g., cat cracked naphtha, coker naphtha, gas oil, etc.) in the presence of Catalysts and substantial quantities of hydrogen. Hydrotreating includes desulfurization, removal of substances (e.g., nitrogen compounds) that deactivate Catalysts, conversion of Olefins to paraffins to reduce gum formation in gasoline, and other processes to upgrade the quality of the fractions.
Catalytic layer
A thin layer of catalyst such as platinum and supported by a ceramic or metal carrier material
Catalytic Reduction

See
Selective Catalytic Reduction

Catalytic reforming
A refining process using controlled heat and pressure with Catalysts to rearrange certain hydrocarbon molecules, thereby converting paraffinic and naphthenic type hydrocarbons (e.g., low octane gasoline boiling range fractions) into petrochemical feedstocks and higher octane stocks suitable for blending into finished gasoline. Catalytic reforming is reported in two categories. They are:
Catamaran
A double hulled vessel
Cataphoretic painting
A process of applying the first coat of paint to the body of a vehicle by positively charging the paint particles and then dunking the metal into the paint. A current is turned on so that the positively charged paint is attracted to the negative metal panel. Also called cathodic electropainting
Catapult
an accelerating device for launching an aircraft in a short distance. It may be fixed or rotatable to face the wind. It is usually used on ships which have no landing deck, having been superseded on aircraft carriers by the Accelerator. During World War II, fighters were carried on (catapult armed merchant ships) for defense against long-range bombers. Land catapults have been tried but have been superseded by RATOG and STOL aircraft.
Catback
A performance exhaust system upgrade which consists of new pipes from the catalytic converter to the Tail pipe which increases horsepower. These new pipes are larger, thus, more exhaust can exit the system. The faster the exhaust can exit, the more horsepower you gain.
Catch

See
Safety catch

Catch basin
An opening in the road surface with grated lid to allow water into a storm drainage system.

See
Catch pit

Catcher
The element in a velocity-modulated ultrahigh frequency or microwave beam tube which abstracts, or catches, the energy in a bunched electron stream as it passes through it.

Also see
Buncher

Catcher foil
Aluminum sheet used for measuring power levels in nuclear reactor by absorption of fission fragments.
Catching diode
Diode used to clamp a voltage or current at a predetermined value. When it becomes forward-biased it prevents the applied potential from increasing any further.
Catchment area
The area from which water runs off to any given river valley or collecting reservoir. Also called Catchment basin
Catchment basin
The area from which water runs off to any given river valley or collecting reservoir. Also called Catchment area
Catch net
A mesh construction that is electricaly grounded and placed below high-voltage transmission lines that cross over a road or railway. In the event that the lines break, they will fall into the net. Also called a cradle
Catch pit
A small pit constructed at the entrance to a length of sewer or drain pipe to catch and retain matter which would not easily pass through the pipes. Also called catch basin.

Also see
Sump

Catch plate
A disk on the spindle nose of a lathe, driving a carrier locked to the work.
Catch points
A section of a railroad track which is activated when a train is supposed to be going uphill, but starts to slide back. The catch points prevent the train from rolling back any farther.
Catch-water drain
A drain to catch water on a hillside, with open joints or multiple perforations to take in water in as many places as possible.
Cat Cracker
A large refinery vessel for processing reduced crudes or other feed-stocks in the presence of a Catalyst, as opposed to the older method of thermal cracking, which employs heat and pressure only. Catalytic cracking is generally preferred since it produces less gas and other highly volatile byproducts. It produces a motor fuel of higher octane than the thermal process.
Cat E
Category E damage to an aircraft; equivalent to a total loss or write off.
Catenary construction
A method of construction used for overhead contact wires of traction systems. A\ wire is suspended, in the form of catenary, between two supports, and the contact wire is supported from this by droppers of different lengths, arranged so that the contact wire is horizontal.
Cathead
  1. The sheave assembly on the top of crane jib.
  2. A lathe accessory consisting of a turned sleeve having four or more radial screws at each end; used for clamping on to rough work of small diameter and running in the Steady while centering. Also called spider
Cathetometer
An optical instrument for measuring vertical distances not exceeding a few decimeters. A small telescope, held horizontally can move up and down a vertical pillar. The difference in position of the telescope when the images of the two points whose separation is being measured are lined up with the cross-wires of the telescope, is obtained from the difference in vernier readings on a scale marked on the pillar. Also called reading microscope and reading telescope
Cathode
  1. In an electric circuit, the Negative terminal. Electrons leave from this terminal.
  2. In an electronic tube or valve, an electrode through which a primary stream of electrons enters the inter-electrode space. During conduction, the cathode is negative with respect to the anode. Such a cathode may be cold, electron emission being due to electric fields, photo-emission, or impact by other particles, or thermionic, where the cathode is heated by some means.
  3. In a semiconductor diode, the electrode to which the forward current flows.
  4. In a thyristor, the electrode by which current leaves the thyristor when it is in the ON state.
  5. In a light-emitting diode, the electrode to which forward current flows within the device.
  6. In electrolytic applications, the electrode at which positive ions are discharged, or negative ions formed.
  7. The electrode at which reduction occurs. In an electrochemical cell, oxidation occurs at the Anode and reduction at the cathode.
Cathode coating
A low-work function surface layer applied to a thermionic or photocathode in order to enhance electron emission or to control spectral characteristics. The cathode coating impedance is between the base metal and this layer.
Cathode copper
The product of electrolytic refining, after which the cathodes are melted, oxidized, poled, and cast into wire-bars, cakes, billets, etc.
Cathode efficiency
Ratio of emission current to energy supplied to cathode. Also called emission efficiency
Cathode follower
A valve circuit in which the input is connected between the grid and ground, and the output is taken from between the cathode and ground, the anode being grounded to signal frequencies. It has a high input impedance, low output impedance, and unity voltage gain.
Cathode glow
Glow near the surface of a cathode, its color depends on the gas or vapor in the tube.
Cathode luminous sensitivity
Ratio of cathode current of photoelectric cell to luminous intensity.
Cathode modulation
Modulation produced by signal applied to cathode of valve through which carrier wave passes.
Cathode poisoning
Reduction of thermionic emission from a cathode as a result of minute traces of adsorbed impurities.
Cathode ray
A stream of negatively charged particles (electrons) emitted normally from the surface of a cathode in a vacuum or low-pressure gas. The velocity of the electrons is proportional to the square root of the accelerating potential, being 6x105ms-1 for one volt. They can be deflected and formed into beams by the application of electric or magnetic fields, or a combination of both, and are widely used in oscilloscopes and TV (in cathode-ray tubes), electron microscopes and electron-beam welding, and electron-beam tubes for high frequency amplifiers and oscillators.
Cathode-ray oscillograph
An oscillograph in which a permanent (photographic or other) record of a transient or time-varying phenomenon is produced by means of an electron beam in a cathode-ray tube. Deprecated term for Cathode-ray oscilloscope
Cathode-ray oscilloscope
(CRT) Device for displaying electronic signals by modulating a beam of electrons before it impinges on a Fluorescent screen
Cathode ray tube
A sealed tube on which graphs or pictures are displayed like a TV screen
Cathodic electropainting
A process of applying the first coat of paint to the body of a car by positively charging the paint particles and then dunking the metal into the paint. A current is turned on so that the positively charged paint is attracted to the negative metal panel. Also called cataphoretic painting
Cathode spot
Area on a cathode where electrons are emitted into an arc, the current density being much higher than with simple thermionic emission
Cathodic chalk
A coating of magnesium and calcium compounds formed on a steel surface during Cathodic protection in sea water
Cathodic etching
Erosion of a cathode by a glow discharge through positive-ion bombardment, in order to show microstructure
Cathodic protection
  1. The action of protecting metal from electrochemical corrosion by using it as the cathode of a cell with a Sacrificial anode.
  2. In ships and offshore structures, corrosion can be prevented by passing sufficient direct current through the sea water to make the metal hull a cathode.
  3. The method of preventing corrosion in metal structures that involves using electric voltage to slow or prevent corrosion. It is used along natural gas pipelines, as well as in certain bridges or other large metal structures that need to resist corrosion over an extended period of time. It is also used in some devices for a vehicle to prevent rusting.
Cathodoluminescence
The emission of light, with a possible afterglow, from a material when irradiated by an electron beam, such as occurs in the phosphor of a cathode-ray tube
Cathodophone
Microphone utilizing the silent discharge between a heated oxide-coated filament in air and another electrode. The discharge is modulated directly by the motion of the air particles in a passing sound wave. Also called ionophone
Catholyte

See
Catolyte

Cation
Ion in an electrolyte which carries a positive charge and which migrates toward the cathode under the influence of a potential gradient in electrolysis. It is the deposition of the cation in a primary cell which determines the positive terminal.
Catolyte
That portion of the electrolyte of an electrolytic cell which is in the immediate neighborhood of the cathode. Also called catholyte
Catoptric element
A component of an optical system that uses reflection, not refraction, in the formation of an image
Cat's paw
A light puff of wind.
Cattle guard
A series of pipes or bars spaced a few inches apart and placed across the road to discourage animals from entering or leaving a particular area. Similar to a Texas gate except a Texas gate always uses round pipes not flat bars.
Catwalk
  1. A raised walkway running fore and aft from the midship.
  2. Catwalk

    Catwalk

    An obsolete term for the section between the fender and the hood. On modern cars, this section does not exist at all. But on older cars (like the 1937 Cadillac), the fender was spaced a little way apart from the hood. The headlights were mounted toward the front of the catwalk or above it.

Cauchy's dispersion formula
μ= A + (B/λ2) + (C/λ21) + ...
An empirical expression for the relation between the refractive index μ of a medium and the wavelength λ of light; A, B, and C are the constants for a given medium.
Caulk
To fill seams in a wood deck with oakum or hammer the adjoining edges of metal together to stop leaks. Also spelled calk
Caulker
A person who applies caulking.
Caulking
The process of closing the spaces between overlapping riveted plates or other joints by hammering the exposed edge of one plate into intimate contact with the other. A filler material is also used esp. for closing (e.g., deck planking). Also called calking

Also see
Weather Caulking

Caulking tool
A tool, similar in form to a cold chisel but having a blunt edge, for deforming the metal rather than cutting it.
Causality
The principle that an event cannot precede its cause.
Caustic curve
A curve to which rays of light are tangential after reflection or refraction at another curve
Caustic embrittlement
The intergranular corrosion of steel in hot alkaline solutions, e.g., in boilers
Caustic etching
The removal of metal by dipping aluminum parts in caustic soda
Caution
A period in racing in which track conditions are too hazardous for racing due to an accident or debris on the racing surface. The cars remain in their racing positions behind the pace car until it is determined that it is safe to resume the race.
Caved
Dented inward as in When the car hit me, it caved in the door.
Cavitation
A condition in which a partial Vacuum forms around the blades or Impeller wheels of a Pump, reducing the pump's output because part of the pump blades lose contact with the liquid. It can be a problem in fuel and water pumps, fluid couplings, and torque converters. When severe, it can result in the erosion of the pump blades and other internal surfaces.
Cavity
  1. An empty space in a body structure, either in a box section or a double-skinned area.
  2. A holder and contact for fuses
Cavity sealant
A product made of oil, wax, and rust inhibitors which is painted or sprayed into a cavity to prevent rust and corrosion.

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