Dictionary of Automotive Terms Abbreviations

DICTIONARY OF AUTOMOTIVE TERMS - "Av"

Available power efficiency: The ratio of electrical power available at the terminals of an electroacoustic Transducer to the acoustical power output of the transducer. The latter should conform with the reciprocity principle so that the efficiency in sound reception is equal to that in transmission.

Available power gain: The ratio of the available power output of an amplifier to the input power; equal to power gain only when the output of the device or circuit is correctly matched to the load.

Avalon: Click image for books on
Toyota Avalon

A model of automobile manufactured by Toyota

Average

A calculation in which the mean value or rate is determined. The average speed is determined by dividing the distance by the time (e.g., 273 kilometers divided by 3 hours = 91 kph). Average fuel consumption is determined as a ratio of fuel and distance. In the metric system, this is determined by multiplying the number of liters by 100 and dividing the result by the number of kilometers (e.g., 31.38 liters times 100 divided by 273 kilometers = 11.49 liters / 100 km). In the Imperial system divide the number of miles by the amount of fuel in gallons (e.g., 173 miles divided by 6.9 gallons = 25 mpg).
Loss or damage of marine property, less than total compensation payment in proportion to amount insured.

Average current: The current obtained by adding together the products of currents flowing in a circuit and the times for which they flow and dividing by the total time considered. For direct current the average value is constant; for true alternating current, the average value is zero.

Average Daily Traffic: (ADT) The total traffic volume during a given period divided by the number of days in that period.

Average distance traveled: A ratio of the distance traveled over a period of time. For instance during the month of June I traveled 987 miles. My average for the month is (987 divided by 30) 32.9 miles per day.

Average fuel consumption: A ratio of the distance driven over a set period of time divided by the amount of fuel consumed. For example, during the year the car drove 12,000 miles and consumed 500 gallons yielding an average of (12,000/500) 24 miles per gallon. The same information according to the metric system would consider how many liters consumed for each 100 kilometer traveled. 12000 miles is equal to 19,312 kilometers and 500 U.S. gallons is equal to 1894 liters. Thus the metric fuel consumption is 1894 divided by 19312 divided by 100 which results in 9.8 l/100 km.

Average haul distance: The distance between the center of gravity of a cutting and that of the embankment formed from material excavated from the cutting.

Average power output: In an amplitude-modulated transmission, the radio-frequency power delivered by a transmitter, averaged over one cycle or other specified interval of the modulating signal.

Average weekly earnings: Gross taxable payrolls divided by the number of employees.

AVI: Acronym for Automatic Vehicle Identification -- a system combining an on-board transponder with roadside receivers to automate identification of vehicles. Uses include electronic toll collection and stolen vehicle detection.

Also see
IVHS

Aviation bi-phase shift keying: A digital Modulation scheme in which a 1 is represented by a +90° phase transition and a 0 by a -90° transition of the Carrier

Aviation fuel: A high octane fuel used primarily in aircraft but also used in racing vehicles to improve performance. Generally liquid hydrocarbons, because of high heat of combustion per unit of fuel mass (specific energy) and volume (energy density), ease of combustion, moderate volatility and viscosity, and good thermal stability and capacity. Liquid hydrogen and pentaborane (B₅H₉) have also been used experimentally.

Also see
Aviation gasoline
Aviation kerosine

Aviation gasoline

(AVGAS)

Blends of liquid hydrocarbons, almost all petroleum products boiling between 32°C and 220°C, with anti-knock rating from 80 octane number to 145 performance number. Only small quantities are now used.

Also see
Aviation fuel
Aviation kerosine
A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons with or without small quantities of additives, blended to form a fuel suitable for use in aviation reciprocating engines. Fuel specifications are provided in ASTM Specification D 910 and Military Specification MIL-G-5572. Note Data on blending components are not counted in data on finished aviation gasoline.

Aviation gasoline blending components: Naphthas that will be used for blending or compounding into finished aviation gasoline (e.g., straight run gasoline, alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, and xylene). Excludes oxygenates (alcohols, ethers), butane, and pentanes plus. Oxygenates are reported as other hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and oxygenates.

Aviation kerosine: For gas turbine engines, fuel which typically boils over the range 144°C - 252°C. Variants include Jet A-1 (AVTUR), the international jet fuel; Jet B (AVTAG), a blend of naphtha with kerosine now being phased out except for use in cold climates; AVCAT, a naval jet fuel with high flash-point for safety in enclosed spaces in ships; AVPIN, an aviation isopropyl nitrate; and AVGARD, trade name for an additive with anti-misting properties.

Also see
Aviation gasoline

Aviation spirit: (avgas) A motor fuel with a low initial boiling point and complying with a certain specification, for use in aircraft. Ranges from 73 to 120/130 octane rating.

Also see
Aviation kerosine

Avionics: The collective word for a spacecraft or aircraft's subsystem elements which involve electronic principles. A contraction of aviation electronics.

AVL: Acronym for Automated Vehicle Location -- a class of technologies designed to locate vehicles for fleet management purposes and for stolen vehicle recovery. Infrastructure can be land-based radio towers or satellites.
Also see
IVHS